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Chapter 3 Early Humans and the Agricultural Revolution. Paleolithic Age. Paleolithic – “Old Stone Age”; time of hunters and gatherers Nomads – people who move from place to place Things made by humans long ago are called artifacts Men hunted; women stayed close to camp
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Paleolithic Age • Paleolithic – “Old Stone Age”; time of hunters and gatherers • Nomads – people who move from place to place • Things made by humans long ago are called artifacts • Men hunted; women stayed close to camp • Culture – way of life for a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs • Technology – tools and methods to perform tasks • Climate affected how people lived
Paleolithic Age (cont.) • Fire • Life became less difficult • People gathered around fire to share stories and cook • Language and Art • Spoken language was developed • People expressed themselves through art • Cave paintings have been found all around the world • Ice Age – long period of extreme cold • Low sea levels exposed a “land bridge” connecting Asia and North America • To survive people had to adapt (ex. Increased fat intake)
Neolithic Age • Neolithic – “New Stone Age”; farming revolution • Gradually, farming replaced hunting and gathering • Domesticate – tame animals for human use • Agricultural Revolution – some historians consider it to be the most important event in human history • Farmers saved some grain to plant • Constant supply of food could be produced • Populations grew faster • Settled communities began forming • Farming spread all over the world
Neolithic Age cont. • Life in the Neolithic Age • People settled near water, especially rivers • Communities grew – people were more secure • Farmers grew more food than they needed and began to trade this surplus (amount that is left over) • Less people were needed to farm so they became artisans or skilled workers; this is known as specialization or training for a particular job • Men farmed and women took care of the children • Bronze – a metal created by mixing copper and tin • Stronger than copper but expensive; most used tools and weapons made of stone
Civilizations • Humans continued to develop more complex cultures, or ways of life • These complex cultures are called civilizations • Four great river valley civilizations began about 3000 BCE – Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China • Early civilizations developed cities and formed governments • Trade increased – allowed for the exchange of goods and ideas • Religions started to help people explain their lives • People invented ways of writing to pass on information
