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Learning in Science

Learning in Science. Vygotsky (Constructivist). Learning stems from experience Involves language (and discussion) Clarifies thinking Requires processing Within a social and cultural context Within Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) Is contextually-based Howe, 1996.

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Learning in Science

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  1. Learning in Science

  2. Vygotsky(Constructivist) • Learning stems from experience • Involves language (and discussion) • Clarifies thinking • Requires processing • Within a social and cultural context • Within Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) • Is contextually-based • Howe, 1996

  3. Vygotsky(Constructivist) • People learn • Everyday concepts (spontaneous) • “Scientific” concepts (non-spontaneous) • Concepts • Are constructed • Linked concepts transfer to new experiences • Howe, 1996

  4. Piaget(Constructivist) • Learning is active, constructive process • Learning derived from experience • New Knowledge • Assimilated • Accommodated • Learning is individual and internally driven • Developmental stages in learning • Linked to physical development • Limit learning • Howe, 1996

  5. Prior Knowledge I’d like the duck, but I have a plane to catch. I was brought into a large white room and my eyes began to blink because the bright light hurt them.

  6. Prior Knowledge

  7. Constructivism • Concepts – regularities in events or objects Consider: Chair Dog Running Blue Sunny Novak, 2002

  8. Prior Knowledge

  9. Prior Knowledge Which does not belong in this group? Salamander Jellyfish Tree Fish Jesse Ventura

  10. Constructivism • Knowledge • Builds on Prior Knowledge • Derived from reality • Is adaptive, useful • Is rational • “Created” by individuals • Socially constructed • Shapiro, 1994

  11. Constructivism • Knowledge • Rote (“situated” ) • Fuzzy Conceptions (Alternative conceptions) • Meaningful • Cognitive network: Schema • Illustrated through concept maps • Includes “misconceptions” • Novak, 2002

  12. Constructivist terminology • Proposition – A statement identifying the relationship between concepts Consider: Flowers have pistils. Flowers are part of plants. Dogs have legs. Water flows down hill.

  13. Animal Needs Oxygen May be a Needs May be a Bird Food Can Fish Reproduce May be a Trout Prior Knowledge Pyrrhuloxia

  14. Concept Maps

  15. Misconceptions Examples: Seasons Condensation

  16. Misconceptions • Constructed from experience, “prior knowledge” • Rational (make sense) • Useful • Common and typical • Stable and resistant to change

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