Inventors and inventions Learning Tapestry

1. Inventors and inventions Learning Tapestry

2. Who invented pencil? In 1795, a French officer belonging to the army of Napoleon invented and patented the first quality pencil on earth. Nicholas Jacques Conte (aka NJ Conte) discovered that ground graphite, when mixed with the right kinds of clay, produced the best lead for pencils. A great myth is that pencilsare made oflead, but the thin black material in pencils isactuallya mix of graphite, carbon, and clay. NJ Conte,managed toturn thisgraphite into powder, mixing it with moist doughs of clay and thenpressing the materials into thin sticks, which were then ‘cooked’ to make the ‘pencil lead’. The modern wooden casing seen in most originalpencils today would soon follow, providing a no-mess and more shatter-resistant protection for the product. The Faber family would soon take on this product into mass production, and the rest is history.

3. To date, there are 350 different types of pencils, used for a variety of purposes, and fitting different budgets. With a variety of shades and new and creative methods being sold for novelty (e.g. giant, twisty, ect.), itis an ever-expanding product,and one that is used in all walks of life,as it is very difficult to live a lifetime without using one.

4. when did the yellow pencils painted ? Pencils have been painted yellow ever since the 1890s. During the 1800s, the best graphite in the world came from China. American pencil makers wanted a special way to tell people that their pencils contained Chinese graphite. In China, the color yellow is associated with royalty and respect. American pencil manufacturers began painting their pencils bright yellow to communicate this "regal" feeling and association with China. However, according to Henry Petroski's history of the pencil, the European producer Koh-I-Noor was the first to paint one of their pencils yellow.

5. When was the pencil invented Some time prior to about 1560, graphite was discovered near Borrowdale, England, supposedly when a large tree was uprooted in a storm, exposing a black substance beneath its roots. The usefulness of graphite as a marking substance was quickly realized. Though the exact date is not known for certain, the year 1565 marks the first record of a pencil consisting of a piece of graphite inserted into a wood shaft, making the first ancestor of today's pencil.

6. Where was the pencil invented Since graphite was discovered in England, it is most likely that the first pencils were made in England, though this is not known for certain. The pencil was further developed by European craftsmen.

7. Who invented the first pencil It is not known who invented the first pencil. The pencil was first documented in 1565 by Conrad Gesner, and its invention is sometimes attributed to him, though this is unlikely. European craftsman (woodworkers) were the first known pencil manufacturers, and it wasn't until the late 1700's that manufacturing techniques similar to those practiced today were developed.

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9. How are pencils made The picture at left illustrates the steps involved in the manufacture of a wood pencil.It starts with a block of cedar (1) which is then cut into slats (2). The slats are then stained (3) and grooves are cut into one surface (4).Prepared leads are placed into the grooves (5) and a second slat is placed on top and bonded with the first (6).This 'pencil sandwich' is then passed through a milling process (7) to separate the individual pencils (8).

10. The pencil is painted and finished (9 & 10), a ferrule crimped onto the end (11), and finally, an eraser is crimped into the ferrule (12).

11. When he was born and died Nicolas-Jacques Conté (4 August 1755 – 6 December 1805) was a Frenchpainter, balloonist, armyofficer, and inventor of the modern pencil. He was born at Saint-Céneri-près-Sées (now Aunou-sur-Orne) in Normandy, and distinguished himself for his mechanical genius which was of great avail to the French army in Egypt. Napoleon called him “a universal man with taste, understanding and genius capable of creating the arts of France in the middle of the Arabian Desert.”

12. Born August 4, 1755 ) Died 6 December 1805) (aged50)\ • Nicolas-Jacques Conte, the inventor of the modern pencil, died in 1805.

13. The pencil has a wide variety of uses, but is best known for the fact that what is written with a pencil can usually be erased. The exact date of the invention of the first pencil is unknown, but it is believed to have been sometime in 1565, following the discovery of graphite near Borrowdale, England. From that point until the end of the 18th century, pencils were generally made by encasing in wood strips the pure graphite taken from the Borrowdale mine.However, in 1789, the French Revolution began, and France became cut off from the supply of English graphite.

14. In 1794, Nicolas-Jacques Conté was charged by his patron, Carnot, to invent a substitute for English graphite. In just eight days, he produced a workable "lead" by mixing clay with a lower quality graphite in powdered form. He baked it in such a way that he not only produced a usable "lead," but also was able to make "leads" in varying degrees of hardness. A similar mixture is still in use today, so Conté is credited with the invention of the modern pencil.

15. Photos Of NICHOLAS JACQUES

16. Credit by : Aynsley Tan : Nur Amelia : Azeen : Nur Shairah : jaasir Thank you for your kind attention