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Immigration

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Immigration

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    1. Immigration Late 19th and early 20th centuries

    2. A Nation of Immigrants Three great forces of change Industrialization Urbanization Immigration 1850 – 1900 US Population triples 23.2 million in 1850 to 76.2 million in 1900 16.2 million immigrants in same 50 year span 8.8 million more immigrants from 1901-1910

    3. Immigrants Landing at Ellis Island

    4. Growth of Immigration “Pushes” – negative factors Poverty of displaced farm workers Overcrowding and unemployment in cities Religious persecution of Russian Jews “Pulls” – positive attractions Repudiation for political & religious freedom Economic opportunities Cheap fares in steamship “steerage” class

    5. Steerage Class Passengers

    6. “Old” versus “New” “Old” Immigrants Northern and Western Europe British Isles, Germany, Scandinavia Mostly Protestant; some Catholic (German & Irish) Relatively easily assimilated Mostly English Speaking High literacy levels Possessed occupational skills

    7. “Old” versus “New” “New” Immigrants Southern and Eastern Europe Italy; Greece; Croatia; Slovenia; Poland; Russia Mostly Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, and Jewish Difficulty assimilating Largely poor and illiterate Unaccustomed to democratic traditions Concentrated in poor ethnic neighborhoods

    8. Ethnic Enclaves

    9. Immigration 1861 - 1930

    10. Restricting Immigration Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

    11. Increasing Fears

    12. Restricting Immigration “Undesirables” Convicted of criminal acts Diagnosed mentally incompetent

    13. Administration of IQ Test to Immigrant (Ellis Island, circa, 1913)

    14. Beta IQ Test 5 (1917)

    15. Restricting Immigration Ellis Island Opens as processing center in 1892 Rigorous medical exams and document inspections Entry tax

    16. Processing Lines

    17. Nativism Supporters of immigration restrictions Labor unions American Protective Association Social Darwinists Immigrants became scapegoats for the anger of jobless workers during a severe depression in the 1890’s Immigration Act of 1924 Quotas

    18. “Trash Dump”

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