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ACORN workshop

ACORN workshop. ACORN WORKSHOP. Cliff Sadof, Bob O’Neil and Farah Heraux Purdue University Department of Entomology Rob Wiedenmann Illinois Natural History Survey Spring 2003. Schedule. Schedule. 0:00 Introduction to Workshop/ Biological Control 0:15 Know the Natural Enemies

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ACORN workshop

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  1. ACORN workshop ACORN WORKSHOP Cliff Sadof, Bob O’Neil andFarah HerauxPurdue UniversityDepartment of Entomology Rob Wiedenmann Illinois Natural History Survey Spring 2003

  2. Schedule Schedule 0:00 Introduction to Workshop/ Biological Control 0:15 Know the Natural Enemies 1:30 Break/Demonstrations 2:00 Why Plant Flowers? 2:15 Alternative Pesticides 2:30 Using ACORN to Implement Biological Control in Your Landscape 2:45 Discover Biological Control at Home 3:00 Workshop Ends

  3. ACORN objectives ACORN objectives • Reduce pesticide usage. • Design gardens to minimize pest problems. • Use tactics that enhance and don’t disrupt • pest control. • Learn by doing.

  4. What is ACORN? What is ACORN? www.entm.purdue.edu/acorn ACORN is a growing network of Master Gardeners, Extension Educators and University Researchers interested in reducing pesticide use in home gardens.

  5. Why should we look at alternatives to pesticides? Why should we look at alternatives to pesticides? • Per acre pesticide use in home gardens exceeds that of many major agricultural commodities. • Application, storage and disposal issues challenge many home gardeners.

  6. Section 1 outline Section 1 Outline • What Is Biological Control? • Know the Natural Enemies • Predators • Parasites • Pathogens

  7. What is biological control? What is biological control? The use of living organisms to control pest insects, weeds or diseases. Typically involves some human activity.

  8. What are natural enemies? What Are Natural Enemies? • Natural enemies are living organisms that: • Kill pests • Decrease pest reproductive potential • Compete with pest organisms for use of your plants.

  9. Biological control Biological control How Is It Implemented? • Use what you have (Conservation). • Add what you need (Augmentation). • Who kills Pests? • Predators • Parasites • Pathogens

  10. Predators Predators • Adults and immature stages kill and consume many prey. • Generally larger and faster than prey. • 200,000 species! • Males, females, immatures and adults may be predatory. • Remove the evidence.

  11. Praying mantis

  12. Soldier beetle R. Wiedenman

  13. Minute pirate bug J.R. Ruberson

  14. Lacewing F. Heraux B. Christine

  15. Yellow jacket wasp

  16. Spider M. E. Bagley

  17. Lady beetle adult B. O’Neil

  18. Lady beetle larva Who Am I? D. Shetlar

  19. Ground beetle Large grasping jaws!

  20. Hover fly R. E. Berry D. Shetlar Oregon State University

  21. Hover fly versus yellow jacket wasp R. E. Berry E-92 • Number of wings • Waist • Shape of antenna • Eyes D. Sheltar E-44

  22. Predatory mites versus spider mite Predatory mite Spider mite

  23. A parasite A stinger or ovipositor???

  24. Parasites Parasites • Specialized in choice of host. • Develop from eggs laid in or on a host (the original “Alien”). • Certain kinds of wasps and flies. • Could be up to 1 million species! • Smaller than host (stealth pays). • Only the female searches for host. • Leave a trail.

  25. A parasite in action Ovipositor M. E. Bagley

  26. A parasitized tomato hornworm Eggs or Pupae? Eggs or Pupae??? J. L. Obermeyer

  27. Parasitized insect cut open Parasitized insect was cut open to show the parasites.

  28. Parasite lifecycle Example of Parasite Lifecycle Larva Egg Adult Pupa Statewide Integrated Pest Management Project: U. of California

  29. Aphid mummy Holes where parasite escaped

  30. Pathogens Pathogens • Kill, reduce reproduction, slow growth, shorten life of pest. • May take several days to provide control. • Usually very specific. • Leave a trail.

  31. Insect pathogens Insect Pathogens • Fungi, example: Beauvaria bassiana • Bacteria, example: Bt. • Nematodes • Viruses and protozoans

  32. Insect covered with fungal spores Insect Mummy covered with Fungal Spores

  33. Virus infected larva Infected Larva Viral fluid D. Mc Cullough

  34. Virus infected larva D. Harns

  35. Grub killed by a nematode <http://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/nematodes/> Infective Juveniles Adults Infected Host

  36. Lifecycle of a parasitic nematode Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin 331, AK Ag. Exp. Stn., Fayetteville, AK 72701

  37. Know the natural enemies Know the Natural Enemies Take-home points • Predators: bigger, fewer, faster, big mouthparts. • Parasites: small size, not easily seen by gardeners. • - many flies and wasps. • Pathogens: cause disease in insects, not harmful to other organisms.

  38. Where can you learn to identify more natural enemies? Where can you learn to identify more natural enemies?http://entm29.entm.purdue.edu/acorn/acornsearch.aspx

  39. Natural enemies collections More collections Break Live ones! Please Visit our Demonstrations Books Alternative pesticides

  40. Section 2 outline Section 2 Outline • Why plant flowers in your landscape and garden • Tips for purchasing natural enemies • Alternative insecticides • Using ACORN Alternative Control Guide to: • plan your vegetable garden • find biological control agents in your backyard • Discovering biological control at home

  41. Why plant flowers? Why Plant Flowers? • To attract natural enemies. • To provide shelter/shade. • To produce pollen and nectar.

  42. Euonymus scale in Indiana • 2 generations/ year • Scale sampling coincides with crawler emergence and estimates parasitism of the parent generation C. Sadof

  43. Research plot Euonymus Flowering spurge Coreopsis Goldenrod White clover E. Rebek

  44. Density of live female euonymus scale Mean Number of Live Female Scales per cm of Stem per Plot ± S.E.M. Means with the same letter are not significantly different (Fisher’s Protected LSD, p < 0.05).

  45. Encarsia citrina Larva A Emergence Hole C B D Adult Pupa Photos by E. Rebek

  46. Natural enemy abundance in Euonymus fortunei(Sticky Cards 2001) Mean Number of Natural Enemies per Plot ± S.E.M. Means with the same letter are not significantly different (Fisher’s Protected LSD, p < 0.05).

  47. Where can you learn more about flowers that attract natural enemies? Where can you learn more about flowers that attract natural enemies? http://entm29.entm.purdue.edu/acorn/acornsearch.aspx

  48. Add what you need Add what you need • Tips for Purchasing and Using Natural Enemies: • Identify the pest. • Determine which natural enemy could work. • Order from a reputable supplier. • Check the quality. • Follow directions. • Evaluate. Did it work? • Give the supplier & Extension feedback.

  49. Where to purchase the good guys Where to purchase the good guys

  50. Some pesticides kill more pests than natural enemies Some pesticides kill more pests than natural enemies • Use pesticides that are compatible with biological control: • Microbials • Botanicals • Insect growth regulators • Others

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