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Arguments Based on Logos

Arguments Based on Logos. Originally from Mr. Jeff Olsen. Appeals to Logos (or logic). Arguments based on facts, evidence and reason “Hard Evidence” Inartistic Appeals: Facts, clues, statistics, testimony, witness accounts “Reason and Common Sense”

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Arguments Based on Logos

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  1. Arguments Based on Logos Originally from Mr. Jeff Olsen

  2. Appealsto Logos (or logic) Arguments based on facts, evidence and reason “Hard Evidence” Inartistic Appeals: Facts, clues, statistics, testimony, witness accounts “Reason and Common Sense” Artistic Appeals: This and that go together because (enter own explanation here).

  3. Examples • You and a partner will come up with the following three “logos appeals,” filling in the blanks with whatever you want – obviously must be school appropriate, and must be arguable. For instance, “veloceraptor is the best dinosaur.” • Hard evidence that ___________ is the best _____________. • Reasoning that _____________ is the best _______________. • Common sense that _______________ is the best __________.

  4. Mrs,Queen’s Example • Aaron Rogers is the best quarter back in the league because “so far during the 2011-2012 season . . . [in] over 15 games, he has a QB rating of 122.5% (crazy high level), he has completed 68.3% of his passes, thrown 45 TDs and only 6 interceptions, while averaging 309 yards per game” (Squid Sports). • Aaron Rogers is the best quarter back in the league because he seems to be “ best” material. He has an air about him of general trustworthiness, affability, and great leadership. Since the best usually have these qualities (among others), he is just as right for the position as anyone.

  5. Providing “Hard Evidence” Aristotle believed that all arguments could be reduced to two components: Statement + Proof As a writer, or rhetorician, you may wish to consider all arguments as consisting of these two components: Claim + Supporting Evidence

  6. Providing “Hard Evidence” But what happens when your “hard evidence” (i.e. your facts) isn’t that “hard”?

  7. Providing “Hard Evidence” Statistics Can the same figure mean two things? Surveys and Polls Can the same findings be presented in two or more ways? Testimonies, Narratives and Interviews How do these depend on ethos and pathos?

  8. In Lieu of “Hard Evidence” Using Reason and Common Sense Deductive Reasoning: All cats are animals Mango is a cat Therefore, Mango is an animal Enthymemes = Claims + Reasons You should arrive early for class, because finding parking is difficult.

  9. In Lieu of “Hard Evidence” With a partner, elaborate on these enthymemes. Include at least four supporting statements. ~ You should turn off your cell phone because .... ~ Plan to get a ride from someone other than your little sister, because .... ~ Be sure and take your ID to the store because ....

  10. In Lieu of “Hard Evidence” Cultural Assumptions and Values With a partner, identify three fundamental beliefs about our country that are traditionally shared by Americans. “All Americans ___________.”

  11. Logical Structures for Arguments Degree “More of a good thing is good andmore of a bad thing is bad.” Analogies Development of a comparative argument. Precedent Beware of the concept that because it’s been done before, it should continue to be done this way.

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