RISK MANAGEMENT

1. RISK MANAGEMENT • The process of weighing policy alternatives • in the light of the results of risk assessment • and, if required, selecting and implementing • appropriate control options, including • regulatory measures

2. Listeria monocytogenes HAZARD Primary production Transformation Distribution Consumption Possible occurrence of “hazardous situations” (situations leading to potential contamination, development, survival of L.m.) Listeriosis in humans “Unwanted event” “Adverse effect” “Harm” PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE RISK SEVERITY Consequences: - health effects - other effects

3. RISK ASSESSORS RISK MANAGERS DECISION STAKEHOLDERS

4. RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS • risk evaluation • identification of options • choice of option • implementation • monitoring • review

5. RISK EVALUATION • risk profiling • ranking of hazards • identification of goals • risk assessment policy • initiation of risk assessment

6. RISK PROFILING • setting the problem in its context • describe the hazard • nature and severity of effects • economic & trade aspects • risk/benefit • communication

7. RANKING OF HAZARDS • setting priorities • severity of the problem • complexity of the problem • opinion of stakeholders • societal/political factors

8. IDENTIFICATION OF GOALS • intervention or not • appropriate level of protection • prevent, reduce, minimise • economic, societal, political

9. APPROPRIATE LEVEL OF PROTECTION (SPS) • The level of protection deemed appropriate • by the Member establishing a sanitary • measure to protect human or animal life or • health within its territory

10. RISK ASSESSMENT POLICY • COMMUNICATION • - independence • - excellence • - integrity • - transparency • - uncertainties • - value judgements • - resources

11. RISK MANAGEMENT OPTIONS • comparison with other risks • magnitude of benefits • prevention / control possibilities • technical feasibility • benefits / “costs” • alternate risks • consumer perception • consumer preference • societal and ethical factors

12. CHOICE OF OPTION • do nothing • communicate the risk • adopt an international standard • adopt a measure other than an • international standard • adopt a precautionary measure

13. PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE (SPS) • ARTICLE 5(7) : • insufficient scientific evidence • provisional measure • seek to obtain the additional information • necessary • review measure within a reasonable • period of time

14. IMPLEMENTATION • regulatory authority or operator • increasing tendency to put burden of • compliance on operator, with regulatory • overview • HACCP / animal health • Food Safety Objectives

15. MONITOR / REVIEW • plan - who, what, when • supervision of production • disease surveillance • repeat assessment

16. I Index WTO (burden of proof) Concept of Risk Assessment OLF Risk Profile Uncertainty • Risk Policies • Zero risk-ADI based model • Alara (As Low as Reasonably Achievable) • Threshold Approaches/Non threshold • Approaches • Risk Balancing Policies • Procedural Approaches Extrapolation Sensitivity Level of Protection

17. II. • Risk Management • (whole food chain) • Decision-making Process • Standard Formulation • Enforcement / Monitoring Precautionary Principle III. • Risk Communication • Assessors • Industries • Consumers

18. SUMMARY • RISK ANALYSIS SHOULD : • provide an integrated approach • rely on the best scientific advice • involve all stakeholders • be flexible and adaptable