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Definitions

Definitions. Preservation -to preserve or not to be used Conservation -to keep from harm or loss Management - use of silviculture practices to ensure adequate regeneration, growth and reproduction of desirable species

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Definitions

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  1. Definitions • Preservation-to preserve or not to be used • Conservation-to keep from harm or loss • Management- use of silviculture practices to ensure adequate regeneration, growth and reproduction of desirable species • Exploitation-use of resources w/o regard for long-term sustainability of target or other ancillary resource(s). • Sustainable forest management- management of forest to maintain or improve the species composition, structure and function of a forest ecosystem

  2. II. Challenges to Achieving Sustainable Forest Management. • Incomplete Understanding of “Target” Managers, politicians, and society must specify what the target is, based on a mutually agreed upon spatial and temporal characteristics Example: One might argue that the management should be to restore the landscape to “pre-European settlement conditions”. That will not ensure re-establishment of old-growth!!!

  3. II. Challenges to Achieving Sustainable Forest Management. 2. Incomplete Understanding of Ecological and Environmental Controls. • Influence of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on organisms - Not all species are affected similarly by forest management practices - Soil micro-flora and fauna - bison and soil fertility - symbiotic relationships - exotics !!!

  4. Black-throated Green warbler (BTG) redstart (RS) Chestnut-sided Warbler (CSW) ovenbird (OB) Blackburian warbler (BW) Rose-breasted grosbeak (RBG) Wood thrush (WT) White-throated sparrow (WTS)

  5. II. Challenges to Achieving Sustainable Forest Management. 2. Incomplete Understanding of Ecological and Environmental Controls. b. Influence of disturbance Our understanding of disturbance ecology has dramatically increased, but there is still much to learn, especially in the area of interactive disturbances (e.g. pest outbreaks and fire, disturbance and invasives)

  6. II. Challenges to Achieving Sustainable Forest Management. 2. Incomplete Understanding of Ecological and Environmental Controls. 3. Spatial relationships The emergence of landscape ecology has greatly increased our appreciation for the importance of not only the quantity of an ecosystem, but also its spatial arrangement.

  7. Satellites: Road development and deforestation in the tropics (Rhondonia) 1975 1985 1992

  8. II. Challenges to Achieving Sustainable Forest Management. 3. Incomplete Understanding of Economic, Political and Institutional Controls. • Closer cooperation among private, state and federal land mangers. Who owns the greatest percentage of forestlands? Best Management Plans Forest Certification

  9. II. Challenges to Achieving Sustainable Forest Management. 3. Incomplete Understanding of Economic, Political and Institutional Controls. b. re-organizing the philosophy of sustainable management

  10. II. Challenges to Achieving Sustainable Forest Management. 3. Incomplete Understanding of Economic, Political and Institutional Controls. c. Economic viability Decisions are all too often made by accountants - not biologists. Management must be economically viable, but ALL services must be included in the analysis. Example: wetlands and their values

  11. Drainage of unproductive wetland pocosins and replacing them with productive pine forests and agriculture crops

  12. III. Values of Wetlands • Water quality iii. Nutrient uptake by vegetation: Nutrient uptake by vegetation can decrease nutrient concentration of water leaving wetlands. • - major source of eutrophication, wetlands convert nutrients from an inorganic to organic form, thereby improving the quality of the water leaving the wetland. The ability of wetlands to "purify" the water is related to water flow rate and residence time in the wetlands

  13. III. Values of Wetlands • Water quality iii. Nutrient uptake by vegetation (continued) Phosphorus, which is commonly deficient in aquatic and wetland ecosystems. In fact, municipalities are using wetlands as source of sewage disposal because wetlands are so efficient at removing P, with water leaving wetlands having P concentration < control wetlands.

  14. III. Values of Wetlands • Water quality iv. Physio-chemical immobilization (continued) 620 acre forested swampland in Georgia was valued at $30,000,000, based on the amount of $ required to build a waste water treatment plant with a similar capacity to purify water.

  15. Wetlands help buffer water discharge rates between watersheds and adjacent aquatic ecosystems

  16. II. Challenges to Achieving Sustainable Forest Management. 3. Incomplete Understanding of Economic, Political and Institutional Controls. d. Political barriers The commercials interests of poor or under-developed countries tend to favor exploitation. What are the responsibilities of developed countries? Examples: cheap coolants for developing countries contain CFC’s, deforestation in the tropics, loss of baboon habitat in Uganda

  17. II. Challenges to Achieving Sustainable Forest Management. 3. Incomplete Understanding of Economic, Political and Institutional Controls. e. Educations barriers Most of the simple environmental problems have been solved.. Now only the complex problems remain. Are we training future generations of land managers correctly so they can deal with multi-disciplinary problems?

  18. Industrial Ecology: A new discipline in Ecology • Life cycle analysis is a tool in industrial ecology that is used to quantify the environmental burdens associated with a product, process or activity by identifying and quantifying energy and materials used and waste released to the atmosphere SETAC 1993, Graedel & Allenby 2002)

  19. The Pulp & Paper Industry • Annual world consumption is 270 x 106 tons (PPI 1996) • Accounts for 14% of total wood harvested (FAO 1995) • Responsible for 2.5% of world’s industrial production and 2% of world trade (UNIDO 1993, FAO 1993, UN 1993) • Pulp and Paper industry is the world’s 5th largest industrial energy user, and with energy consumption comes GHG emissions • The pulp and paper cycles are responsible for 1.7% of the world’s total CO2 - eq emissions (includes methane), while the steel and chemical industries are responsible for 4.6 and 5.9% of the total annual world emissions.

  20. Forest C Cycle Biological C Cycle Industrial C Cycle Forest C Cycle NEP = NPP - RH Gower 2003. Ann. Rev. Energy & Environ.

  21. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Life Cycle Analysis for a Magazine and Dimensional Lumber Chain

  22. Distribution, fate, and possible end uses of InStyle magazines

  23. Dimensional lumber chain

  24. Magazine Chain

  25. Decision Support Matrix

  26. Coupling the Biological and Industrial C cycle: A case study • How many major industry sectors were involved? • What role did humans have in CO2 emissions? • What disciplines would be needed to solve this problem?

  27. II. Challenges to Achieving Sustainable Forest Management. 4. Population

  28. How Will Global Warming Influence Our Food Supply?

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