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Civil Rights

Civil Rights. CIVIL RIGHTS. Segregation T he separation of people based on skin color Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Supreme Court case that made segregation legal Segregation continues heavily into the 1900’s. CIVIL RIGHTS. During WWII:

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Civil Rights

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  1. Civil Rights

  2. CIVIL RIGHTS • Segregation • The separation of people based on skin color • Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) • Supreme Court case that made segregation legal • Segregation continues heavily into the 1900’s

  3. CIVIL RIGHTS • During WWII: • African-Americans can fight, but are separated into their own units • Tuskegee Airmen achievements begin to change this • FDR passes laws against Racism • After WWII: • Civil Rights movement begins • Led mostly by the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) • Begin bringing cases to the Supreme Court regarding the constitutionality of segregation

  4. CIVIL RIGHTS • Brown v. Board of Education • May 1954 • Thurgood Marshall represented the Brown family • Case involved a man claiming that it was unconstitutional for his daughter not to be allowed to go to an all white school 4 blocks from his house • Instead she had to go to a black school miles away • Supreme Court decided that it was unconstitutional to have segregation in schools

  5. CIVIL RIGHTS • Montgomery Bus Boycott (1954) • Began when Rosa Parks refused to move • ‘White’ area of bus was full and more seats were needed – so they used the ‘colored’ area where she was sitting • She was then arrested and put in jail • The next day many Blacks formed the Montgomery Improvement Association in order to begin a boycott of the buses • Because minorities made up the majority of the bus’ customers • Elect Martin Luther King Jr. as their leader

  6. CIVIL RIGHTS • Boycott lasted 381 days • Bus companies went out of business • 1956: Supreme Court outlawed bus segregation • Afterwards MLK continues his fight to end segregation/racism everywhere • For everyone – not just African-Americans • Called for non-violent resistance

  7. CIVIL RIGHTS • Founds the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) • Purpose was to carry on non-violent crusades against the evils of 2nd class citizenship • Carried out boycotts, picketing, sit-ins, and marches MLK thought that this is the way the world should be…

  8. Example of a “Sit In” Example of a ‘sit-in’

  9. CIVIL RIGHTS • Million Man March (1963) • 250,000 people picket on the steps of the Capitol building for equality • MLK gives his ‘I have a dream…’ speech • Others began to believe that violence was the only way they would ever get equality • Turn to Malcolm X

  10. CIVIL RIGHTS • Malcolm X • Becomes popular in 1950’s & 60’s • Complete opposite of MLK • When JFK was killed he believed that it was overdue • Later assassinated in 1965 • Did not protest for ‘all equality’ • Only protested for the ‘advancement of the black man’ • Used the violent ideas of the Nation of Islam Just after his assassination

  11. CIVIL RIGHTS • Other violent groups emerge: • Black Panthers: • Formed in order to fight police brutality in different ghettos • Preached self-defense • Wore all black (hats, jackets, glasses) • Participated in illegal activities • Murdered some policemen • Carried out overdue legal activities • Form daycares, hospitals, shelters, soup kitchens, etc.

  12. CIVIL RIGHTS • Violence turns on the leaders: • JFK = assassinated 1963 • Malcolm X = assassinated 1965 • MLK = assassinated 1968 • RFK (Bobby) = assassinated 1968 *Civil Rights Act of 1968* Ended segregation in all areas of the US and banned discrimination for schools/housing • Violence begins to emerge in other areas as well…Vietnam

  13. Thurgood Marshall CIVIL RIGHTS • Results of Brown v. Board • 1. Many states appealed the decision • This means they don’t have to comply until the appeal process is finished • 2. Those who do start de-segregation meet with severe reactions • White students: Some help the cause and some hurt the cause • Black Americans: Begin to protest for their rights • Student walk outs • Sit-ins • Open defiance of segregated areas

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