1 / 14

CS 294-42: Technology Trends

CS 294-42: Technology Trends. September 12, 2011. Ion Stoica (http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~istoica/classes/cs294/11/). “Skate where the puck's going, not where it's been” – Walter Gretzky. Processors.

emele
Download Presentation

CS 294-42: Technology Trends

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. CS 294-42: Technology Trends September 12, 2011 Ion Stoica (http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~istoica/classes/cs294/11/)

  2. “Skate where the puck's going, not where it's been” – Walter Gretzky

  3. Processors • MIMD (Multi-Core Processors) – linear increase: two additional cores every two years • SIMD (GPUs) – exponential increase: width double every four years

  4. SSDs • Performance: • Reads: 25us latency • Write: 200us latency • Erase: 1,5 ms • Steady state, when SSD full • One erase every 64 or 128 reads (depending on page size) • Lifetime: 100,000-1 million writes per page Rule of thumb: writes 10x more expensive than reads, and erases 10x more expensive than writes

  5. Storage Performance & Price 1http://www.fastestssd.com/featured/ssd-rankings-the-fastest-solid-state-drives/ Bwdth: SSD up to x10 than HDD, DRAM > x10 than SSD Price: HDD x20 less than SSD, SSD x5 less than DRAM

  6. Storage Price Trends • RAMs: x2 every ~20 month (http://www.jcmit.com/memoryprice.htm) • 1990-2000: x75 decrease • 2000-2010: x63 decrease • Disks: x2 decrease every ~2 years • SSDs prices dropped faster than disk prices for last 5 year(http://rogerluethy.wordpress.com/2010/12/07/price-trends-of-hdds-vs-ssds/) • But decrease slightly less over last year Storage price halves every ~2 years

  7. Hard Drives (25 years ago) • IBM Personal Computer/AT (1986) • 30 MB hard disk - $500 • 30-40ms seek time • 0.7-1 MB/s (est.) 30-40sec to scan entire disk

  8. Memory (today) • 96 GB RAM - $650-800 (ECC RAM) • Memory bus speed: 10-16 GB/s 6-10sec to scan entire memory!

  9. Working Set: RAM Doubling Software (1995)

  10. Working Set (Today) • When was the last time your experience trashing on your laptop? • Memory growing faster than application’s needs – conjecture Today’s memory, yesterday’s disk!

  11. Working Set – Datacenters (Ganesh Ananthanarayanan) • % of jobs whose full inputs fit in memory (~1 week) Nearly all jobs’ inputs fitting in main memory in near future?

  12. (Random) Thoughts • Today’s disks, yesterday’s tapes [John Ousterhout] • Today’s memory, yesterday’s disk? Or should be today’s SSDs, yesterday’s disks? • SSDs not great for caches (due limited writes) • Perfect for archival though and GFS-like filer systems ;-) • In-memory computation not enough for interactive workloads • Parallelism only way out if need to touch a lot of data

  13. (Random) Thoughts (cont’d) • Today’s servers in Hadoop clusters: 10-12 disks • Up to 1GB/s bwdth • How to take advantage of this? • GPU use will only increase: faster increase in processing power than CPUs • Need better support for virtualization • What to do about memory bwdth? • For data intensive apps, locality will continue to be critical

  14. Predictions?? • Memory the new disk • Working sets of more and more apps will fit in memory • SSDs will become the new tape (archival) • GPUs: main driver for increasing processing power • Will be integrated in the main processor

More Related