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Scientific Revolution. The Scientific Revolution.
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The Scientific Revolution 7-2.2~ Explain how the scientific revolution challenged authority and influenced Enlightenment philosophers, including the importance of the use of reason, the challenges to the Catholic Church, and the contributions of Galileo and Sir Isaac Newton.
Welcome! • Let’s review what we learned so far about the scientific revolution. • What is one of the roots of the Scientific Revolution? • How is Copernicus’ Universe different from Ptolemy’s Universe?
Roots of the Scientific Revolution • Scientific Revolution was born out of the advancements made in the areas of science and math in the late 1500’s and early 1600’s. Following the age of exploration, new truths and new research challenged ideas about scientific theories. • Scientists began using reason (logical reasoning) instead of placing beliefs in faith and demanding proof and evidence. • A significant conflict arose between scientific thought and traditional religious beliefs during this time. • All of these challenges to authority inspired the philosophers of the Enlightenment to then begin using reason to apply it to the political environment in Europe.
Through the use of reason, philosophers began developing ideas that challenged the UNLIMITED GOVERNMENTS of the time and influenced the development of LIMITED GOVERNMENTS in the 1600’s and 1700’s. • T Chart Activity ~ Comparison Chart
Comparison Chart :Draw a “T”chart in your notebook. Label one side Ancient Greece and label the other side The Church and Bible. Read each statement and decide where each statement belongs on the “T”chart. Write each statement under the correct heading. • They believed that reason was the only way to understand nature • Believed in an earth-centered universe, which is what they thought was in the Bible • Aquinas tried to show that Christianity and reason could go together. • Used theories as a way to explain why things happened • They did not experiment or test new ideas to see if they were true. • Monks relied on Greek and Roman writings and did not test what was written.
Let’s review what we learned so far about the scientific revolution. • What is one of the roots of the Scientific Revolution? • How is Copernicus’ Universe different from Ptolemy’s Universe?
Copernicus vs. Ptolemy • 7-2.2 Summarize the achievements and contributions of the scientific revolution • Objective: TSWBAT compare and contrast the theories of Ptolemy and Copernicus.
The Geocentric Theory~ Ptolemy’s theory of planetary motion and church teachings were brought into question by Copernicus’s heliocentric theory.
Notes: • Write the words that are underlined below in your notes on Ptolemy vs. Copernicus: • Ptolemy’s geocentric (earth-centered) theory and church teachings were brought into question by Copernicus’ heliocentric (sun-centered) theory. • Use your Guided Reading Handout to add more to your Venn Diagram.
Setting it up! • Grab your Journey Across Time and open it to page 672-674 or Use your Guided Reading Handout to add more to your Venn Diagram. • ** finish the Venn Diagram in your notes by connecting the other circle** • Go through the text and write down 3 facts on each side and one similarity in the middle.
Let’s draw it out! • Everyone take out a sheet of paper and DRAW the two different types of universes with all the proper labeling.
Let’s discuss! • How do these universes compare? • How did Ptolemy come up with his version? • How did Copernicus come up with his version? • Why did people have a hard time accepting Copernicus’ universe at first?
Scientific Method: • Frances Bacon and Rene Descartes used experimentation and reason to contribute to the scientific method. • The Scientific Method was a major contribution of this time period which established a systematic method to find proof using reason. • A significant conflict arose between scientific thought and traditional religious beliefs during this time.
Ellipses • Johannes Kepler discovered that planets move in ellipses.
Standard and Objective • 7-2.2 Summarize the achievements and contributions of the scientific revolution • Objective: TSWBAT identify the achievements of Newton.
Other major advancements included the contributions of Galileo and Newton. Isaac Newton: • Newton’s laws of gravity furthered the laws of motion and continued to challenge of old theories. Newton said gravity keeps the planets from flying off in straight lines. Every object in the universe is attracted to every other object in the universe by the force of gravity.
More from the genius of Newton • Newton found out that white light is made up of different colors. In addition, he invented a new kind of math called calculus.
Standard and Objective • 7-2.2 Summarize the achievements and contributions of the scientific revolution • Objective: TSWBAT identify the achievements of Galileo.
Galileo • Galileo offered support for the heliocentric theory with his laws of motion and his observation of space with the use of the telescope. • He improved the telescope. He also discovered mountains on the moon, four moons revolving around Jupiter, and spots on the sun.
Scientists like Galileo were called to renounce or stop their teachings of the church or face excommunication. • Galileo was put under house arrest by the church towards the end of his life because of his challenges.
Standard and Objective • 7-2.2 Summarize the achievements and contributions of the scientific revolution, including the interaction between scientific thought and traditional religious beliefs. • Objective: TSWBAT identify the interaction between the Catholic Church and scientists.
Catholic Church • As evidence mounted, scientists began to question ancient theories and the orthodox teaching of the Roman Catholic Church.
The Bible, which is based on faith and revelation, served as the authority for society prior to the rise of science. A significant conflict arose between scientific thought, which offered evidence for its theories, and traditional religious beliefs. This was a challenge to faith by reason.
For the church, political, social, and economic authority was on the line. Scientists like Galileo were called to recant (or take back) their teachings and reaffirm the teachings of the church or face excommunication (when someone is kicked out of the church). • This was a challenge to FAITH by REASON
Model: Debate • Today we’re going to have a debate in class where one side represents the scientists while the other side represents the Catholic Church. • A debate isn’t a yelling match. You have to give examples and facts to back up your opinion. • Example: School Uniforms vs. Regular Clothes
Before we Debate: • Let’s have groups established and as a class come up with one argument on each side. If you want to win the debate, it’s best to have multiple arguments defending your point of view with some solid facts to back you up! • Scientists: • Catholic Church: *Alright, you have 10 minutes to come up with all your arguments before we start the debate.
Debate! • Remember: • Be respectful of the other side • Do not yell • Don’t just say an opinion, but back it up with fact
