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Highlights of Refractivity Observations by Radar (and Some More) during IHOP_2002

Highlights of Refractivity Observations by Radar (and Some More) during IHOP_2002. Fr édéric Fabry and ShinJu Park McGill University Montré al, Canada. A Few Definitions. IHOP_2002 : International H 2 O Project. Its goal: Determine how much does knowing 4-D H 2 O distribution help in QPF.

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Highlights of Refractivity Observations by Radar (and Some More) during IHOP_2002

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  1. Highlights of Refractivity Observations by Radar (and Some More) during IHOP_2002 Frédéric Fabry and ShinJu Park McGill University Montréal, Canada

  2. A Few Definitions IHOP_2002: International H2O Project. Its goal: Determine how much does knowing 4-D H2O distribution help in QPF. Refractivity (N): A quantity related to the index of refraction (n) of air: N = 106(n−1) = 77.6 P/T + 373000 e/T2. Surface N can be measured by radar up to a range of about 50 km using ground targets. Since over that range, P and T are (fairly) uniform, N can be used to infer e and Td.

  3. IHOP: Instrumentation Deployment

  4. IHOP: S-Pol

  5. IHOP: Ground Targets at S-Pol Liberal KS OK Early fears that ground targets would be in short supply in the Panhandle were unfounded, thanks to unburied power/phone lines, farms, elevators… Hooker Beaver Beaver R. valley Homestead OK TX Booker Perryton

  6. Rapid moistening Storm Outflow Wet Real-Time/Default Display 60 Diurnal cycle (mostly) Dry Wet

  7. Example: Surface Moistening, 25 May Sunny, cool, calm morning; will warm quickly Anomalous propagation echoes Previous rain No wind (!) Maximizes local effects

  8. Example: Surface Moistening, 25 May Previous rain

  9. Example: Surface Moistening, 25 May Previous rain

  10. Example: Surface Moistening, 25 May Previous rain

  11. Example: Surface Moistening, 25 May Previous rain

  12. Example: Surface Moistening, 25 May Previous rain

  13. Example: Surface Moistening, 25 May Previous rain

  14. Example: Surface Moistening, 25 May Previous rain

  15. Example: Surface Moistening, 25 May Previous rain

  16. Example: Surface Moistening, 25 May Previous rain

  17. Example: Surface Moistening, 25 May Previous rain

  18. Example: Surface Moistening, 25 May Previous rain

  19. (g m-2 s-1) 360 W 120 W Flux computed thanks to a lot of crude assumptions (too high contrast expected) Example: Surface Moistening, 25 May Previous rain

  20. Example: Surface Moistening, 25 May

  21. Example: Surface Moistening, 25 May

  22. Example: Surface Moistening, 25 May

  23. Example: Surface Moistening, 25 May

  24. Example: Surface Moistening, 25 May

  25. Example: Surface Moistening, 25 May

  26. Example: Surface Moistening, 25 May

  27. Example: Surface Moistening, 25 May

  28. Example: Surface Moistening, 25 May Previous rain Note how “fragile” the moisture patch was under light winds

  29. Contrasting Example: 29 May 72 hrs later, on a sunny day prior to 29 May No wind again. Maximizes local effects Some weak differential moistening

  30. Contrasting Example: 29 May

  31. Contrasting Example: 29 May

  32. Contrasting Example: 29 May

  33. Contrasting Example: 29 May

  34. Contrasting Example: 29 May East winds building up

  35. Contrasting Example: 29 May East winds building up

  36. Contrasting Example: 29 May East winds building up

  37. Moisture boundary Contrasting Example: 29 May East winds building up

  38. Moisture boundary Contrasting Example: 29 May

  39. Moisture boundary Contrasting Example: 29 May

  40. Moisture boundary Contrasting Example: 29 May

  41. Moisture boundaries Contrasting Example: 29 May Winds shift to SE behind 2nd boundary

  42. Moisture boundaries Contrasting Example: 29 May Winds shift to SE behind 2nd boundary

  43. Moisture boundaries Contrasting Example: 29 May Winds shift to SE behind 2nd boundary

  44. Moisture boundaries Contrasting Example: 29 May Winds shift to SE behind 2nd boundary

  45. Contrasting Example: 29 May

  46. Contrasting Example: 29 May

  47. Contrasting Example: 29 May

  48. Contrasting Example: 29 May

  49. Contrasting Example: 29 May

  50. Contrasting Example: 29 May

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