Chemistry of Matter

Chemistry of Matter 8th Grade Science School Year 2003-2004 Luther Burbank School Mr. Frank Canzolino Room 204 Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

8th Grade Science • Week 3.1 • Day 10 • Monday • September 8, 2003 Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

Question of the Day • Explain why the elements in family VIIIa (or 18) do not tend to form chemical bonds. Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

Question of the Day • Explain why the elements in family VIIIa (or 18) do not tend to form chemical bonds. • The elements in that family have complete outer (valence) electron energy levels and do not need to bond to any other elements to fill the outer energy level. These elements are called the Noble or Inert gases. Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

True or False The electrons in the outermost electron energy level of an atom are called valence electrons. T F The atomic number on the periodic chart tells us how many neutrons are in the nucleus. T F Protons True or False Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons between two atoms T F Atoms are the smallest unit of matter where a material is distinct (an element). T F Test–Atoms and Ions Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

How many naturally occurring elements are there? 92 How many known elements are there? 115 or 118 What is the difference between the two? Natural are in the ground, the rest are man-made When you combine two different elements, a new substance is formed. What is the combining process called? Chemical Bonding Test–Atoms and Ions Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

What are the three particles of the atom? Protons Neutrons Electrons What are the charges on those particles? Positive Neutral (No Charge) Negative Test–Atoms and Ions Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

Test–Atoms and Ions • In words, describe the structure of the atom, and draw and label a sketch illustrating your words. • A nucleus in the center containing protons and neutrons with electrons surrounding the nucleus. or Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

Test–Atoms and Ions • How many electrons completely fill the first electron energy level and on what element would that occur? • 2 Helium (He) • How many electrons completely fill the second electron energy level and on what element would that occur? • 8 Neon (Ne) • How many electrons completely fill the third electron energy level and on what element would that occur? • 8 Argon (Ar) Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

Draw the atom (nucleus and electron energy levels) for Na atom. Draw the atom (nucleus and electron energy levels) for Na ion. Test–Atoms and Ions Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

Test–Atoms and Ions • Draw the electrons in the energy levels of magnesium (Mg). Do the same for oxygen (O). Given the number of valence electrons for each element, what do you think the chemical formula is for magnesium oxide? Repeat for calcium oxide and calcium sulfide. Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

Test–Answer • Draw the electrons in the energy levels of magnesium (Mg). Do the same for oxygen (O). Given the number of valence electrons for each element, what do you think the chemical formula is for magnesium oxide? Repeat for calcium oxide (CaO) and calcium sulfide (CaS). MgO Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

Test–Answer • Draw the electrons in the energy levels of magnesium (Mg). Do the same for oxygen (O). Given the number of valence electrons for each element, what do you think the chemical formula is for magnesium oxide? Repeat for calcium oxide and calcium sulfide. CaO Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

Test–Answer • Draw the electrons in the energy levels of magnesium (Mg). Do the same for oxygen (O). Given the number of valence electrons for each element, what do you think the chemical formula is for magnesium oxide? Repeat for calcium oxide and calcium sulfide. CaS Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

Homework Read Page 20-25 Do Page 34, Multiple Choice #6 and #10, Complete Concept Map Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

8th Grade Science • Week 3.2 • Day 11 • Tuesday • September 9, 2003 Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

Question of the Day • What steps do you feel should be part of a laboratory investigation? Why did you say what you said? Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

Question of the DayWhat steps do you feel should be part of a laboratory investigation? Why did you say what you said? • Your name and those of your partners • Date experiment started and finished • Title • Purpose/Hypothesis • Equipment/Materials • Method • Results Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

Page 34, #6 The combination of atoms formed by covalent bonds is called a(n) Element Ion Molecule Crystal Page 34, # 10 Bonding between atoms on the left and right sides of the periodic table tends to be Covalent Ionic Metallic Impossible Homework Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

Homework • Concept Mapping Chemical Bonding involves determined by forms Elements New Substances Energy Levels Electrons contain made of Nucleus consist of Protons Atoms holds Neutrons Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

How Tall are You? • The Burbank School District has asked if the students in the district are growing in height at the expected rate. They have requested that we provide them with data on the height of Junior High School students. You will design an experiment to accurately measure height, summarize and analyze the information and compare the data to the national data. A written and oral presentation is required. Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

State Problem What are you trying to accomplish? What is your hypothesis? Approximately what answers do you expect Plan your experiment Look at the available materials What do you need and how will you use it? Describe your method How will you work as a team? How Tall are You? Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

Measure How can you make measurements that you are sure are accurate? Have you measured the correct thing? How can you check? Organize your data Analyze you data In groups of eight, measure your height using the tape measure. Combine your data with the other groups in the class How Tall are You? Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

Combine your data with the other groups in the class In what ways can we improve and expand our data List some ways that you can group your heights Plotting Tables Compare you data to the national averages What sources are available In-school Out of school Present In your write-up To the audience How Tall are You? Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

Measuring Project • What is a statement of the problem? Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

8th Grade Science • Week 3.3 • Day 12 • Wednesday • September 10, 2003 Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

What do you know already? What do you need to know? Measuring Project Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

Question of the Day • What steps have you decided to use in your investigation. Why did you choose those steps? Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

8th Grade Science • Week 3.4 • Day 13 • Thursday • September 11, 2003 Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

Question of the Day • Your first draft of your measuring project is due at the end of the day tomorrow, name 2 things that should be included in your report and how you think it should be written. Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

Measuring Project • Each group will pick your best, and most unique idea you feel you have had on the measuring project. Share it with the class. Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

http://www.halls.md/chart/child-growth/pediatric.htm Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

8th Grade Science • Week 3.5 • Day 14 • Friday • September 12, 2003 Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

The Nature of Covalent Bonds • The positively charged nucleus attracts the negatively charged electrons at the same time • Electrons spend most of their time between the atoms Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

Covalent Bonds • Ionic bonds have atoms that give up or grab electrons. • Atoms tending to form ionic compounds tend to be at opposite sides of the periodic table • Covalent bonds have atoms that tend to share (not transfer) electrons • Where on the periodic would you expect covalent bonds to occur? Chemistry Chapter 1–Week 3.ppt

Chemistry of Matter