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Chemistry States of Matter Intermolecular Forces

Chemistry States of Matter Intermolecular Forces. CALCULATORS OPTIONAL PERIODIC TABLES RECOMMENDED. Forces between molecules determine things like boiling points and freezing points. They happen between molecules , and there are three major types. Intermolecular Forces.

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Chemistry States of Matter Intermolecular Forces

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  1. ChemistryStates of MatterIntermolecular Forces CALCULATORS OPTIONAL PERIODIC TABLES RECOMMENDED

  2. Forces between molecules determine things like boiling points and freezing points. • They happen between molecules, and there are three major types. Intermolecular Forces

  3. #1. London Dispersion forces weakest of all, caused by motion of e- LDF’s increase as the number of e- increases. Large molecules have lots of LDFs. halogens start as gases; bromine is liquid; iodine is solid – all in Group 7A Dominant intermolecular force in nonpolar molecules. Intermolecular Forces

  4. Occurs when polar molecules are attracted to each other. • 2. Dipole interaction happens in water • positive region of one molecule attracts the negative region of another molecule. #2. Dipole interactions

  5. d+d- d+d- H F H F • Occur when polar molecules are attracted to each other. • Slightly stronger than dispersion forces. • Opposites attract, but not completely hooked like in ionic solids. #2. Dipole interactions

  6. d+d- d+d- d+d- d+d- d+d- d+d- d+d- #2. Dipole Interactions d+d-

  7. …is the attractive force caused by hydrogen bonded to N, O, F • N, O, F are very electronegative, so this is a very strong dipole. • And, the hydrogen shares with the lone pair in the molecule next to it. • This is the strongest of the intermolecular forces. #3. Hydrogen bonding

  8. d- d+ O d+ H d+ d- H H O H d+ Hydrogen Bonding(Shown in water) This hydrogen is bonded covalently to: 1) the highly negative oxygen, and 2) a nearby unshared pair.

  9. H O O H H O H H H H O H H H H O O O H H H Hydrogen bonding allows H2O to be a liquid at room conditions.

  10. London dispersion forces are the weakest • A little stronger are dipole interactions • The strongest is hydrogen bonding • All of these are weaker than ionic bonds Order of Intermolecular attraction strengths

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