Chapter 7: Conflicts of Empire Section 3: Unrest and Revolution

1. Chapter 7: Conflicts of Empire Section 3: Unrest and Revolution

2. Bellwork Why did Spain consider the United States a threat?

3. The Philip Nolan Expedition • 1791: U.S. citizen Philip Nolan enters Texas as a mustang trader • Enters Texas three times with permission

4. The Philip Nolan Expedition • Spanish officials hear rumors Nolan is an American spy • 1800: Enters Texas without permission • Spanish soldiers will attempt to arrest him

5. The Philip Nolan Expedition • Nolan resists and is killed • Most of his men are captured or imprisoned • Elis P. Bean—only one of Nolan’s men to return to the U.S. alive

6. The Philip Nolan Expedition • Filibusters—military adventurers • Most wanted to free Texas or all of Mexico from Spain, others looking for quick wealth

7. The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition • September 16, 1810: Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a priest in Dolores, Mexico rang a church bell and called for an end to Spanish rule Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

8. The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition • Father Hidalgo helped start the Mexican revolution with his Grito de Delores Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

9. The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition • Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla led an army of more than 50,000 against Spanish rule Statue of Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

10. The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition • 1811: Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla is captured and executed Mexican stamp commemorating the 250th anniversary of Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla’s birth

11. The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition • José Bernando Gutiérrez de Lara decides to attack Texas after the death of Father Hidalgo • Hoped to use Texas as a base to fight for Mexican independence

12. The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition • With secret support from the U.S., Gutiérrez went to Louisiana to raise a private army • Introduced to Augustus William Magee, a U.S. Army officer—raised any army of 130 volunteers—called themselves the Republican Army of the North

13. The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition • Augustus William Magee—leader of the Republican Army of the North • With the secret support of the U.S., the Republican Army of the North invaded Mexico in August 1812

14. The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition • Takes control of Nacogdoches and gains more volunteers • Mid-September: army captures the Presidio at La Bahía • 800 Spanish soldiers will lay siege to the fort

15. The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition • Siege—military blockade of a city or fort • Spanish army fails to take control of fort • March 1813: attacks and defeats a Spanish force of 1200

16. The Green Flag Over Texas • April 6, 1813: José Bernando Gutiérrez de Lara declares Texas independence from Spain

17. The Green Flag Over Texas • The first Texas revolution failed in part because sharp disagreements among volunteers weakened the Republican Army

18. The Green Flag Over Texas • Brutal execution of several Spanish soldiers will cause several soldiers to leave • Differences between Gutiérrez and volunteers over Texas’ fate leading to his removal

19. The Green Flag Over Texas • April 1813: The Rebellion is crushed by Spanish General Joaquín de Arredondo

20. Pirates and Rebels on the Coast • Henry Perry—filibuster who moved into Texas in 1815 and set up a base on Galveston Island • June 1817: Killed when attempting to take La Bahía

21. Pirates and Rebels on the Coast Jean Lafitte—French pirate, based in Galveston, who had fought for the U.S. in the War of1812

22. The Long Expeditions • Dr. James Long: • U.S. citizen from Mississippi • Angry about the Adams-Onís treaty—believed that Texas should be independent or a part of the United States

23. The Long Expeditions • First invasion: unsuccessful • Second invasion: killed • Jane Long—wife, returned to United States after death of husband