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Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory

Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory. A Department of Energy Center of Excellence. Three-University Consortium in the Research Triangle Area Duke University, Durham North Carolina State University, Raleigh University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Mission.

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Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory

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  1. Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory A Department of Energy Center of Excellence • Three-University Consortium in the Research Triangle Area • Duke University, Durham • North Carolina State University, Raleigh • University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Mission • To contribute to advancing the frontiers of nuclear physics research and to • the application of nuclear physics in response to national needs; and • 2) To educate the next generation of nuclear physicists Web: http://www.tunl.duke.edu NSNA Review – May 24, 2013

  2. TUNL: Faculty, Researchers and Staff Faculty(15 tenured/tenure-track) Duke University M. W. Ahmed1 H. Gao C.R. Howell W. Tornow (Emeritus) H.R. Weller (Emeritus) Y.K. Wu NC State University D.G. Haase P.R. Huffman R. Golub C.R. Gould J.H. Kelley (Research) G.E. Mitchell (Research) A.R. Young UNC – Chapel Hill A.E. Champagne T.B. Clegg R. Henning C. Iliadis H.J. Karwowski J.F. Wilkerson • Researchers • 42 graduate students (12+13+17) • 18 postdocs (9+5+ 4), including 2 accel. physics • 5 research scientists (2 nuclear physicists + 3 accelerator physicists) Staff • 3 Administrative staff • 5 R&D Engineers • 5 technicians • 2 accelerator operators/technicians NSNA Review – May 24, 2013

  3. TUNL: Associated Universities (primarily undergraduate serving) James Madison University North Carolina A&T State University (HBCU in Greensboro, NC) North Carolina Central University (HBCU in Durham, NC) North Georgia College and State University Penn State Altoona University of Connecticut, Avery Pt. NSNA Review – May 24, 2013

  4. TUNL Research Community NSNA Review – May 24, 2013

  5. Nuclear Physics at TUNL . Nuclear Structure(few-nucleon, collective excitations, many-body structure, nucleon structure) NS6: … explore the description of many-body symmetries and collective modes, and their relationship to effective forces. HP10: … studies of the structure and dynamics of light nuclei based on two-nucleon and many-nucleon forces and lattice QCD … Faculty:Ahmed, Clegg, Gao, Howell, Karwowski,Kelley, Mitchell, Tornow, Weller Facilities/Projects: TUNL accelerator facilities, KURF, LANL-DANCE Nuclear Astrophysics(classical novae, explosive nucleosynthesis) NA4:Reduce uncertainties of the most crucial stellar evolution nuclear reactions (e.g. 12C(α,γ)16O) …, and others (e.g. the MgAl cycle) .... NA10: Measure or constrain key nuclear reaction rates to improve accuracy of astrophysical models of novae and X-ray bursts … Faculty:Ahmed, Champagne, Clegg, Kelley, Iliadis, Weller Facilities/Projects: TUNL accelerator facilities Fundamental Symmetries (CP violation, neutron and nuclear b decay) FI4: Make … improvements in measurements of neutron and nuclear beta-decay to constrain physics beyond the standard model. FI15: Obtain … an experiment to extend the limit on the electric dipole moment of the neutron by two orders of magnitude Faculty: Ahmed, Haase, Huffman, Gao, Golub, Gould, Young Facilities/Projects: nEDM-SNS, LANL-UCNA, UCN-PULSTAR, TRImP- KVI Neutrino Physics (0nbb, direct mn, n oscillations) FI6: Improve the sensitivity of the direct neutrino mass measurements to 0.35 eV. FI14: Extend the sensitivity of searches for neutrinoless double-beta decay in selected nuclei by a factor of ten in lifetime Faculty:Henning, Karwowski, Tornow, Wilkerson, Young Facilities/Projects: MAJORANA Demo, KATRIN, KURF, KamLAND NSNA Review – May 24, 2013

  6. TUNL: Publications Jan. 2010 – Apr. 2013 Research at TUNL highly collaborative: Out of 121 publications, 52 were co-authoredresearchers from at least two of the TUNL consortium institutions NSNA Review – May 24, 2013

  7. TUNL: Graduate EducationTUNL About 8% (5.6 out of 70 annually) of the nation’s PhDs in experimental nuclear physics are educated at TUNL 270 Ph.D. degrees awarded since inception of TUNL Most recent 10 years: Total PhDs = 56 PhD degrees awarded from Jan. 2010 – April 2013 = 24 NSNA Review – May 24, 2013

  8. DOE/ONP Support Structure for TUNL NC State Univ. DOE/ONP/LE DUKE DOE/ONP/LE, DOE/ONP/ME, DOE/ONP/LE TUNL facility operations, technical support, administrative support, materials and supplies, and research instrumentation Univ. NC DOE/ONP/LE NSNA Review – May 24, 2013

  9. TUNL: Accelerator Facilities High Intensity Gamma Source (HIgS) Eg = 1 – 100 MeV Linear and circular polarized beams 1.2 GeV Storage Ring FEL Delivering up to 103g/s/eV on target, HIgS is the most intense accelerator-driven g-ray source in the world Laboratory for Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics (LENA) World’s highest current proton beam for nuclear astrophysics research Tandem Laboratory: light-ion and pulsed neutron beams NSNA Review – May 24, 2013

  10. Studies of Strongly Interacting Matter at HIgS From 2007 Nuclear Science LRP GDH Sum Rule 2H 3He Compton Scattering nucleon electric and magnetic polarizabilities nucleon spin polarizabilities Photo-pion Production Few-nucleon Systems photodisintegration Nuclear Structure NRF, (g,g’), Compton Scattering (g,n) reactions, photofission Nuclear Astrophysics (g,a), (g,n) reactions Milestones: NS6: collective modes in many-body nuclei HP10:ab initio microscopic studies NA4:16O(g,a) NSNA Review – May 24, 2013

  11. Laboratory for Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics (LENA) For details about the LENA accelerators see, Milestone NA4: stellar evolution, e.g., NA10: novae and X-ray bursts, e.g., 14N(p,g) 29Si(p,g) and 17O(p,g) NSNA Review – May 24, 2013

  12. Search for Physics Beyond the Standard Model neutron EDM at SNS Majorana Demonstrator TUNL Faculty Ahmed, Gao, Golub, Gould, Haase, Huffman TUNL Faculty Henning, Tornow, Wilkerson,Young • Probes the particle - anti particle nature of the neutrino • Symmetry breaking - lepton number • Determination of neutrino mass, insight into the origin of mass • Probes new physics (at or beyond LHC scale) • Matter - antimatter asymmetry • Would sharply constrain new physics models & complementary with LHC • 18 institutions, ~100 collaborators • Under construction at Sanford Underground Laboratory, Lead SD • 21 institutions, ~67 collaborators • In R&D phase. Will be located at the Spallation Neutron Source, ORNL NSNA Review – May 24, 2013

  13. Summary • Contributing to 8 performance milestones in the nuclear physics program at DOE NS6:… explore the description of many-body symmetries and collective modes, and their relationship to effective forces. HP10:… studies of the structure and dynamics of light nuclei based on two-nucleon and many-nucleon forces and lattice QCD … NA4:Reduce uncertainties of the most crucial stellar evolution … reactions (e.g. 12C(α,γ)16O) …, and … (e.g. the MgAl cycle) ... NA10: Measure or constrain key nuclear reaction rates to improve accuracy of astrophysical models of novae and X-ray bursts … FI4:Make … improvements in measurements of neutron and nuclear beta-decay to constrain physics beyond the standard model. FI15: Obtain … an experiment to extend the limit on the electric dipole moment of the neutron by two orders of magnitude FI6: Improve the sensitivity of the direct neutrino mass measurements to 0.35 eV. FI14: Extend the sensitivity of searches for neutrinoless double-beta decay in selected nuclei by a factor of ten in lifetime • Highly productive (Jan. 2010 – Apr. 2013) • research: published 121 peer review papers (of which 16 were letters) • education: 25 PhD degrees awarded based on research at TUNL • (~10% of U.S. PhD recipients in expt’l nuclear physics over the same period) • Three on-site accelerator facilities with unique capabilities that enable world-class research • + HIgS, highest intensity g-ray beam in the world, polarized; basic and applied research • + LENA, highest current proton beam in the world at energies needed for nuclear astrophysics • + Tandem Lab, mono-energetic pulsed neutron beam; basic and applied research • Playing leadership role in major research projects supported by the ONP at DOE • + MAJORANA Demonstrator • + nEDM NSNA Review – May 24, 2013

  14. Duke University Nuclear Structure and Nuclear Astrophysics NTOF Group: Faculty: C.R. Howell and W. Tornow (emeritus) Graduate Students: L.C. Cumberbatch1, B. Fallin2, S.W. Finch, F. Friesen, D. Ticehurst3 Postdocs: M. Bhike4, J.H. Esterline, Research Scientists: A.S. Crowell Capture Group: Faculty: M.W. Ahmed5, H.R. Weller (emeritus), Y.K. Wu Graduate Students: A. Kafkarkou, J.M. Mueller6, W.R. Zimmerman7 Postdocs: D.P. Kendellen8, L.S. Myers2 Accelerator Physics Group: Faculty: Y.K. Wu Graduate Students: J. Yan, W. Zhou NSNA Review – May 24, 2013

  15. Nuclear Structure and Nuclear Astrophysics • Nuclear Structure • nucleon structure • few-nucleon systems • many-body systems • collective modes of excitation • nuclear structure relevant to 0nbb • neutron-induced reactions relevant to 0nbb • Nuclear Astrophysics • evolution of massive stars, e.g., the 12C(a, g)16O reaction • big-bang nucleosynthesis, e.g., the 2H(g, n) reaction NSNA Review – May 24, 2013

  16. Few-nucleon Systems • Driving Questions: • What does QCD predict for the features of the interactions of protons and neutrons? • What governs the transition of quarks and gluons into pions and nucleons? • Contribution: Provide data to guide the development of low-energy effective • theories that connect QCD to the strong interaction in nuclei, e.g., ab • initio few-nucleon calculations that use meson-exchange NN potential • models or NN interactions from low-energy EFT. • Examples of issues: • Modeling multi-nucleon interactions • Treatment of meson-exchange currents • Treatment of Coulomb interactions NSNA Review – May 24, 2013

  17. Few-nucleon Photonuclear Reactions • Photodisintegration data of 3- and 4-nucleon systems: • Evaluate overall theoretical treatment of the systems, e.g., ChEFT and meson-exchange NN potential models • Sensitive to treatments of the Coulomb force • Sensitive to the treatment of meson-exchange currents (MEC) • Low sensitivity to 3NFs depends on treatment of MEC from W. Tornow et al., Phys. Lett. B 702, 121 (2011) from R. Raut et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 042502 (2012) NSNA Review – May 24, 2013

  18. Accomplishments: Photodisintegration of 3He New measurements at HIgS resolve discrepancies in total cross section for two-body photodisintegration of 3He, W. Tornow et al., Phys. Lett. B 702, 121 (2011) Faculty: H.J. Karwowski, J.H. Kelley, W. Tornow Experimental Setup Eg = 7 – 16 MeV Pulse-height spectrum from gas scintillator Results NSNA Review – May 24, 2013

  19. Accomplishments:Photodisintegration of 4He Discrepancies in total cross section for two-body photodisintegration of 4He resolved Faculty: M.W. Ahmed, J.H. Kelley, W. Tornow R. Raut et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 042502 (2012) • Tornow et al., • Phys. Rev. C 85, 061001R (2012) Experimental Setup Eg = 22 – 30 MeV NSNA Review – May 24, 2013

  20. Accomplishments: First Measurements of Spin-Dependent Cross Sections for 3He(g,n)pp First measurements of the Spin-Dependent Double-Differential Cross Sections and the GDH Integrand from 3He(g,n)pp at Incident Photon Energies of 12.8 and 14.7 MeV, G. Laskaris et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. (accepted) Thesis project of Georgios Laskaris Results Faculty: M.W. Ahmed, H. Gao, H.R. Weller Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn (GDH) sum rule Calc. by Deltuva et al. (AGS eqns., CD-Bonn+Delta with Coulomb) • Experimental Setup: • Circularly Polarized Gamma rays at 12.8 and 14.7 MeV • An optically pumped polarized 3He target • Neutron Detector Array Calc. by Skibinski et al. (Faddeev eqns., AV18+UIX 3NF, no Coulomb) NSNA Review – May 24, 2013

  21. Plans: Few-nucleon Photonuclear Reactions Two-body photodisintegration spin-dependent differential and total cross-Section measurements of the 3He(g, p)d reaction at 25 and 30 MeV Faculty: M.W. Ahmed, H. Gao, H.R. Weller Thesis Student: Georgios Laskaris Motivation: GDH sum rule on 3He and few-nucleon reaction dynamics Facility: HIgS 2- and 3-body photodisintegration contributions to the GDH integrand of 3He Photo of test setup (April 2013) Calculations by Deltuva et al. Status: Proposal submitted to the HIgS 2013 PAC NSNA Review – May 24, 2013

  22. Plans: Few-nucleon Photonuclear Reactions Differential cross-section measurements of two- and three-body photodisintegration of Triton Faculty: M.W. Ahmed, C.R. Howell, W. Tornow Thesis Student: Forrest Friesen Motivation: few-nucleon reaction dynamics Facility: HIgS • Status of data • No differential data • Total cross-section data exist but has substantial scatter and has discrepancies above 20 MeV Proposed measurement at HIgS at 15 and 25 MeV Experiment setup: measure momentum of protons and deuterons Wire chambers Tritium gas target activity ~ 300 Ci Gas contained in target cells with 2.5-mm thick Havar foil Silicon detectors 80 cm from W. Schadow and W. Sandhas, Nucl. Phys. A631, 588c (1998) Status: Proposal submitted to the HIgS 2013 PAC NSNA Review – May 24, 2013

  23. Accomplishments: Nucleon Structure Determined Isoscalar polarizabilites using Compton scattering on 6Li at HIgS • Compton scattering provides observables important to the development of ab inito calculations of light nuclei • Sensitive to the isoscalar polarizability of the nucleon, as and bs L.S. Myers et al., Phys. Rev. C 86, 044614 (2012). • Experimental Setup: • Circularly Polarized Gamma rays at 60 MeV • HIGS NaI Detector Array (HINDA) • Solid 6Li target NSNA Review – May 24, 2013

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