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Neurons

Neurons. Ted Miles. Neuron structure. Composed of: Dendrites- receive information via neurotransmitters, then produce graded potentials. Soma Axon Hillock- responsible for making the decision to fire an action potential.

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Neurons

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  1. Neurons Ted Miles

  2. Neuron structure • Composed of: • Dendrites- receive information via neurotransmitters, then produce graded potentials. • Soma • Axon Hillock- responsible for making the decision to fire an action potential. • Axon-transmit action potentials to deliver information via neurotransmitters from the axon terminals.

  3. Neuron conduction of Action Potential • An action potential occurs when there is a reversal of the normal resting potential (goes from negative to positive). Also called depolarization. • Depolarization occurs due to the opening of voltage gated Na channel allowing the influx of Na. Repolarization of the cell is due to Potassium efflux. • If membrane potential is excited to the threshold level an action potential is propagated

  4. Myelination of Neurons • Produced by 2 types of cells • Acts as an insulator between ECF and INF • Schwann cells • PNS • Each axon is wrapped with many schwann cells leaving small gaps called nodes of Ranvier • Oligodendricytes • CNS • One cell produces extension to many different axons

  5. Myelination of Neurons • Body has both myelinated and nonmyelinated fibers • Myelination increases conduction velocity of fiber due to saltatory conduction of the action potential • Action potential jumps from node of ranvier to the next without having to travel the entire length of the neuron

  6. Terminal • Once the Cell reaches threshold and action potential is sent down the axon • Action potential reaches axon • Calcium is released into the cell • Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft which diffuses to the receptors on the post-synaptic cell.

  7. Terminal

  8. Bibliography • Widmaier, E.P., Raff, H., and Strang, K.T.; 2006. Vander’s Human Physiology, 10th edition. McGraw Hill.

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