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Front End Electronics ( FEE ) solutions for large arrays of segmented detectors

Front End Electronics ( FEE ) solutions for large arrays of segmented detectors. FEE for large array with segmented HP-Ge detectors - Specific case: combined AGATA - Miniball FEE FEE for other segmented detectors ( DSSSD, SC )

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Front End Electronics ( FEE ) solutions for large arrays of segmented detectors

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  1. Front End Electronics (FEE) solutions for large arrays of segmented detectors • FEE for large array with segmented HP-Ge detectors • - Specific case: combined AGATA - Miniball FEE • FEE for other segmented detectors (DSSSD, SC) • Ultra-Fast CSP (and the use of microwave MMIC) ANSiP-2011 - Advanced School & Workshop on Nuclear Physics Signal Processing Acireale (CT), Italy - November 21-24, 2011 G. Pascovici,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne

  2. First arrays with segmented HPGe Detectors • (FEE forMiniball; Sega-NSCL; Tigress; Rising etc. but also • in GERDA; Gretina - det. characterization phase) • b) AGATA - FEE • - Dual Gain CSP - for the central contact • - ToT method ( - combined dynamic range  ~100 dB, • - Cosmic ray measurement ) • - Programmable Spectroscopic Pulser • - for detector characterization, e.g. impurities concentration meas. • - Transfer function - dummy detectors • c) Combined AGATA – Miniball FEE G. Pascovici,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne

  3. tr~ 30-40 ns Ch.1 @ 800 mV - no over & under_shoot IF1320 (IF1331) (5V; 10mA)& 1pF; 1 GΩ warm • Warm & cold jFET • DGF-4C(Rev.C)

  4. 1. Charge Sensitive Preamplifier ( Low Noise, Fast, Single & Dual Gain ~ 100 dB extended range with ToT ) 2. Programmable Spectroscopic Pulser (as a tool for self-calibrating) 3. Updated frequency compensations to reduce the crosstalk between participants(-from adverse cryostat wiring and up to - electronic crosstalk in the trans. line) C. Chaplin, Modern Times (1936) crosstalk between participants  transfer function issue 8 Clusters (Hole 11.5cm, beam line 11cm) G. Pascovici,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne

  5. AGATA τopt~ 3-6 µs J.-F. Loude, IPHE 2000-22 • the equivalent noise • charges Qn assumes • a minimum when the • current and voltage • contributions are equal • current noise ~ (RC) • voltage noise ~ 1/(RC) • ~ Cd 2 • 1 /fnoise ~ Cd2

  6. Best performance: Majorana dedicated FEE (PTFE~0.4mm; Cu~0.2mm;C~0.6pF; R ~2GΩAmorphous Ge (Mini Systems) ~ 55 eV (FWHM) @ ~ 50 µs (FWHM) BAT17 diode (GERDA) BF862 (2V; 10mA) 1pF; 1 GΩ Test Pulser ? -yes-not & how ? G. Pascovici,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne

  7. AGATA Core Preamplifier - Charge Sensitive Part • AGATA LVDS-Dual Core Preamplifier (Final design) • with up-graded frequency • compensations: • Large Open loop-gain • (~ 100,000) • Fast Rise Time • tr ~ 15 ns @ 45 pF • Large dynamic range • ~ 180 MeV @ Cf~1pF • Multiple frequency • compensations: • - minimum Miller effect • - lead compensation • - lead-lag compensation • - dominant pole • compensation • large dynamic range in the first CSP • large open loop gain • frequency compensations for • optimum transfer function G. Pascovici,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne

  8. Fast Reset as tool to implement the “TOT” method Core Active Reset – OFF one of the segments Core -recovery from saturation Active Reset – ON Fast Reset circuitry ToT Normal analog spectroscopy one of the segments • very fast recovery from TOT mode of operation • fast comparator LT1719 (+/- 6V) • factory adj. threshold + zero crossing • LV-CMOS (opt) • LVDS by default G. Pascovici,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne

  9. Fast Reset as tool to implement the “TOT” method Core Active Reset – OFF one of the segments Core -recovery from saturation Active Reset – ON Fast Reset circuitry ToT Normal analog spectroscopy one of the segments INH-C • very fast recovery from TOT mode of operation • fast comparator LT1719 (+/- 6V) • factory adj. threshold + zero crossing • LV-CMOS (opt) • LVDS by default G. Pascovici,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne

  10. see Francesca Zocca PhD Thesis, INFN, Milan A. Pullia at al, Extending the dynamic range of nuclear pulse spectrometers, Rev. Sci. Instr. 79, 036105 (2008)

  11. Dual Gain Core Structure Ch1 (fast reset)-Pulser @ ~19 MeV Ch2 (linear mode) Ch 1 ~200 mV / MeV C-Ch1 /C-Ch1 INH1 SDHN1 Pole /Zero Adj. Fast Reset (Ch1) Differential Buffer (Ch1) Segments (linear mode) Common Charge Sensitive Loop + Pulser + Wiring Ch 2 ~ 50mV / MeV one MDR 10m cable 36_fold segmented HP-Ge detector + cold jFET C-Ch2 /C-Ch2 INH2 SDHN2 Pole /Zero Adj. Fast Reset (Ch2) Differential Buffer (Ch2) Ch1 ( tr ~ 25.5 ns) Programmable Spectroscopic Pulser Pulser CNTRL Ch2 ( tr ~ 27.0 ns) 2keV -180 MeV in two modes & four sub-ranges of operations: a) Amplitude and b) TOT

  12. Due to FADC range  !  10 MeV LNL-2010

  13. AGATA Dual_Core LVDS transmission of digital INH and Pulser_In signals AGATA Dual Core crosstalk test measurements Ch2 (analog signal) vs. LVDS-INH-C1 (bellow & above threshold) Core amplitude just below the INH threshold Core amplitude just above the INH threshold Ch1@ INH_Threshold - (~ 4mV) Ch1 @ INH_Threshold + (~ 4mV) Ch2 @ INH_Threshold + (~ 1mV) Ch2@INH_Threshold + (- 1mV) LV_CMOS LV_CMOS INH_Ch1/+/ INH_Ch1/-/ tr ~ 1.65 ns INH_Ch1/+/ tf ~ 2.45 ns INH_Ch1/-/ (1) Core_Ch1, (2) Core_Ch2, (3) INH_Ch1(LVDS/-/, (4) INH_Ch1(LVDS/+/)

  14. To extend the comparison between “reset” mode (ToT) vs. “pulse-height” mode (ADC) well above 100 MeV measuring directly cosmic rays • Interaction of muons with matter • low energy correction: • excitation and ionization • ‘density effect’ • High energy corrections: • bremsstrahlung, pair production • and photo-nuclear interaction MUON STOPPING POWER AND RANGE TABLES - 10 MeV|100 TeV D. E. GROOM, N. V. MOKHOV, and S. STRIGANOV David Schneiders, Cosmic radiation analysis by a segmented HPGe detector, IKP-Cologne, Bachelor thesis, 03.11.2011

  15. Two set-up have been used: LeCroy Oscilloscope with only Core signals: Ch1; Ch2, INH-Ch1; INH-Ch2 from Core Diff-to-Single Converter Box 10x DGF-4C-(Rev.E) standard DAQ - complete 36x segments and 4x core signals from Diff-to-Single Converter Boxes (segments & core) David Schneiders, Cosmic radiation analysis by a segmented HPGe detector, IKP-Cologne, Bachelor thesis, 03.11.2011

  16. Experimental results for cosmic ray measurement Determination of the High Gain Core Inhibit width directly from the trace while the low gain core operates still in linear mode up to ~22 MeV ( deviation ~0.5%) Calibrated energy sum of all segments vs. both low & high-gain core signals (both in ToT mode of operation) Calibrated energy sum of all segments vs. both low & high-gain core signals (linear & ToT ) David Schneiders, Cosmic radiation analysis by a segmented HPGe detector, IKP-Cologne, Bachelor thesis, 03.11.2011

  17. Combined spectroscopy up to ~170 MeV Direct measurement of cosmic rays with a HP-Ge AGATA detector, encapsulated and 36 fold segmented • Averaged calibrated segments sum +++ • Averaged calibrated Low gain Core xxx • Scaled pulser calibration (int. & ext.) ---- R.Breier et al., Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 68, 1231-1235, 2010 David Schneiders, Cosmic radiation analysis by a segmented HPGe detector, IKP-Cologne, Bachelor thesis, 03.11.2011

  18. AGATA Dual Gain Core Final Specs. • Summary active reset: • - active reset @ 2nd stage • - active reset @ 1st stage • with advantages vs. disadv. G. Pascovici,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne

  19. Incorporated Programmable Spectroscopic Pulser • why is needed? self-calibration purposes • brief description • Specs and measurements G. Pascovici,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne

  20. The use of PSP for self-calibrating ParameterPotential Use / Applications • Pulse amplitudeEnergy, Calibration, Stability • Pulse FormTransferFunction in time (rise time, fall time, structure)domain, ringing (PSA) • Pulse C/S amplitude ratio  Crosstalk input data (Detector Bulk Capacities)(Detector characterization) • Pulse FormTOT Method (PSA) • Repetition Rate (c.p.s.) Dead Time (Efficiency) (with periodical or statistical distribution) • Time alignment  Correlated time spectra • Segments calibration Low energy calibration • Detector characterization  Impurity concentration, passivation G. Pascovici,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne

  21. +/- 1ppm • 16 bit +/- 1bit • fast R-R driver CSP return GND • Analog Switches: • -t on / t off , • -Qi, • -dynamic • range (+/- 5V) • Op Amp: • -~ R to R • -bandwidth • Coarse attenuation • (4x 10 dB) (zo~150Ohm) • transmission line • to S_ jFET and • its return GND! G. Pascovici,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne

  22. Selection Mode of operation Pulser Specs and Measurements • Dynamic range: • - Core 0 to ~ 180 MeV (opt. ~ 90 MeV) • - Segments 0 to ~3 MeV (opt. ~ 1 MeV) • Rise Time Range: 20 ns - 60 ns (by default ~45 ns) • Fall Time Range: 100 µs - 1000 µs (by default ~150 ns) • Long Term Stability: < 10-4 / 24 h G. Pascovici,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne

  23. Measurements: • GSI Single Cryostat (Detector S001) • Portable 16k channels MCA (IKP) • Resolution (acquisition time 12-14h): • - core 1.08 Pulser (Detector) • - cold dummy (V3): 0.850 keV • - segment Pulser: < 0.90 keV • - core @ 59.5 keV: 1.10 keV • - core @ 122.06 keV: 1.15 keV Why not an ASIC ? G. Pascovici,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne

  24. Impurities concentration of last four rings of AGATA detector S002 B. Birkenbach at al, Determination of space charge distributions in highly segmented large volume HP-Ge detectors from capacitance-voltage measurements Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 640 (2011) 176-184

  25. Transfer Function & X-talk • Stand alone transfer function (bench tests) • Wiring influence - detector wiring & cryostat wiring • - Dummy Detectors (2DV2; 3DV3) • Solution for frequency compensation to find • - stability criteria for - oscillations, • - peaking & ringing • - methods of compensation depending on: • - op amp type (or equivalent op amp when distributed) • - feedback, source and load networks • Updated version of compensation and measurements G. Pascovici,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne

  26. AGATA HP-Ge Detector Front-End Electronics Cold partWarm part Cold partWarm part G. Pascovici,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne

  27. AGATA HP-Ge Detector Front-End Electronics Cold partWarm part AGATA – 3D Dummy detector Cold partWarm part G. Pascovici,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne

  28. G. Pascovici,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne

  29. the conversion range has been successfully • extended by more than one order of magnitude • with the new spectroscopic ToT technique: • - two modes of operation and • four sub-ranges, namely: • 0  5 (20) MeV and 5(20)180 MeV • the use of the LV-DS signals (INH-C1, INH-C2 • and Pulser Trigger) in the AGATA Dual Gain • Core reduced considerable the crosstalk in the • transmission line • 20 x sets for AGATA Reconfigurable Core • manufactured, tested, ready to be used • (* each set consists of warm preamplifier, • MDR-flat cable subassembly and FADC • converter boards) 20 x Inh-C1&C2 Pulser Trigger

  30. Combining AGATA  Miniball (HeKo) FEE • Combined AGATA  Miniball FEE • all AGATA feature implemented • without Spectroscopic Pulser • Fast Reset (INH-C & SDHN logic) • almost no nonlinearity (only +/-12V) • Miniball HeKo (PSC823) size and • pin out specification but with • differential outputs and ToT method

  31. Miniball (HeKo) PSC 823 PSC-2008 AGATA like Miniball (Eurysis /Ortec propr. prod.) (differential out.) 2011 Either BF862 or IF1320 INH SHDN Technical Specifications - conversion factor ~ 200 mV/MeV (PSC-2008 opt. 100 mV/MeV) - open loop gain ~ 20,000 - ~ 100,000 - single ended - reconfigurable as Inv. / Non Inv.); - the 2008 & 2011with differential outputs - adjustments: - Idrain; - P/Z adj.; - Offset adj. ; Bandwidth - No Offset adj - power supply: +/- 12V - with INH-C&SDHN - rise time ~ 25 ns / 39 pF det. cap. (terminated) (i.e. Time over Threshold)

  32. (B) Front End Electronicsfor LYCCA's & TASCA’s DSSSD & Solar Cell Matrix • LYCCA a core device for RISING HISPEC/DESPEC • Objective is to uniquely identify event-by-event exotic nuclei by: • mass A • charge Z • Flexible array of detector modules to measure: • E, ∆E , Position, ToF G. Pascovici,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne

  33. A. Wendt et al – Der LYCCA-Demonstrator, HK 36.60, DPG, Bonn, 2010 G. Pascovici,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne

  34. LYCCA-0 Set-up for DSSSD + CsI TASISpec (TASCA) A new detector Set-up for Superheavy Element Spectroscopy

  35. ~1.25 sq.cm

  36. Sub - nanosecond CSP version • AD 8351tr ~ 200 ps @ gain 10dB • (Vc ~ 3-5 V; 28 mA) • alternative AD 8352 Ultrafast Voltage comparator family: ADCMP580 / ADCMP581 / ADCMP582 Silicon Germanium (SiGe) bipolar process • GaAs – HEMT *) (Q1, Q2) • ultra-fast, narrow • time output • - fast rise time tr ~ 200ps !) • energy output tf~10 µs • (no P/Z cancellation) • high counting rates • timing > ~1 Mcps • dominant pole • compensation included • low power+/- 6V E; +/- 3V T) • *) not implemented for LYCCA • 8 GHz equivalent input rise time • bandwidth • < 40 ps typical output rise/fall • 10 ps deterministic jitter (DJ) • 200 fs random jitter (RJ) • −2 V to +3 V input range with • +5 V/−5 V supplies • on-chip terminations at both inputs • Resistor-programmable hysteresis • Differential latch control • Power supply rejection > 70 dB G. Pascovici,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne

  37. jFET, FET, HEMT selection a)jFET, FET BF861 (1,B,C); BF862; BF 889 b) GaAs-FETs(E-pHEMT) ATF-35143; ATF-55143; ATF-38143 c) Idrain, Vdrain to optimize the noise & bandwidth characteristics (10-15 mA, 2-2.7 V, 20-30mW) tr ~ 500 ps Pulse generator: - Tektronix PG502 modified (less than 700ps rise/fall time) - refurbish PG503 Scope: LeCroy 44Xs (400 Mhz, 2.5 GHz sampling) tr ~ 500 ps G. Pascovici,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne

  38. (B) Front End Electronics for TOF and BPM • TOF & BPM for HISPEC/DISPEC and for AMS (CologneAMS) • Flexible set of beam detector modules to measure: • Position, ToF , (E, ∆E) G. Pascovici,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Univ. of Cologne

  39. The use of Mini Circuits microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) • de facto, Darlington amplifiers • offers the RF designer multi-stage • performance in packages that • look like a discrete transistor • wide bandwidth, impedance match, • and a choice of gain and output power • levels result from their being monolithic • circuits, most of which contain InGaP - • HBT (indium-gallium-phosphide • heterojunction bipolar transistors)

  40. The use of Mini Circuits microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) • Mini-Circuits PSA-5454+ ; (PSA-5451) • (an E-PHEMT based Ultra Low Noise MMIC Amplifier) • E-PHEMT based Ultra-Low Noise MMIC Amplifier • bandwidth 50 MHz to 4 GHz • ultra low noise (0.8 dB) and high IP3: 25 dB; (or~29 dB) • I/O internally matched to 50 ohms • single 5V @ 20mA; (or 3V @30mA) • Mini-Circuits PHA-1(X)+ • Ultra High Dynamic Range • MMIC Amplifier • bandwidth 50 MHz to 6(8) GHz • output power ~ 23 dBm • provides Input and Output Return Loss of14-21 dB up to 4 GHz without the need for any external matching components

  41. Conclusions • FEE for large array with segmented HP-Ge detectors • - standard pulse height analysis, ToT & Progr. Spectr. Pulser • - (Loved specific case: combined AGATA - Miniball FEE ) • FEE for DSSSD – specific case LYCCY and TASISpec (TASCA) @GSI • Sub-nanosecond preamplifiers • - CSP (E+T) and MMIC (GHz)

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