Revolutionary War

Revolutionary War • By Jocelyn Arteaga, Julia Burge, Cobi Chai, Cole Contreras, Nick Luzania, Randy Martinez, Lindsey Powell

Ticonderoga • On May 10,1775 Americans attacked Fort Ticonderoga • Ethan Allen led a band of backwoodsmen known as the Green Mountain Boys to attack the fort • They captured the fort and all its artillery that would later help them drive the British out of Boston

Second Continental Congress • A meeting in Philadelphia • Delegates were John and Samuel Adams, John Hancock, Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, and Patrick Henry • They agreed to form the Continental Army • Congress also allowed the printing of paper money to pay the troops • It was the beginning to act as a government

Bunker Hill • Happened on June 1775. • Militiamen seized Bunker and Breed’s Hill. • Militiamen built fortification British alarmed decided to attack. • General Howe crossed the bay with 2000 British soldiers. • British took Bunker Hill but British lost 1000 men and 400 were injured.

Olive Branch Petition • Document to the king of England for peace • People decided to sign it has a last hope • King rejected it and decided to punish colonists even more than the punishing they were already receiving.

Quebec • Washington arrived at a Militia camp near Boston. • Immediately started to gather supplies and trained an army. • Continental Army would invade Quebec, in Canada hoping to defeat British forces and drive the Canadians into the Patriot Camp. • Benedict Arnold was one of the main leaders of this expedition.

Dorchester Heights • Continental Army surrounded British forces Washington was on his way to help, hauling cannons from Fort Ticonderoga. • Took 2 months to drag the 59 cannons to Boston, armed with cannons Washington moved his troops to Dorchester Heights. • General Howe withdrew his British troops on March 17, 9000 British solders and 1000 Loyalist fled but destroyed possessions and damaged homes.

“Common Sense” • A pamphlet that helped convince Americans that a complete break with Britain was necessary • Written by Thomas Paine a recent immigrant from England • It made a strong case for American independence • Paine ridiculed the idea that kings ruled by the will of God • He believed that America should be independent and follow their own destiny

Declaration of Independence • The committee Included Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston, and Thomas Jefferson. • Thomas Jefferson was chosen to compose the Declaration because he was an excellent writer and that he came from Virginia. • The Declaration states 27 reasons why the colonies wanted to break away from Britain.

New York • Washington made British leave from Boston • Washington expects British to go to New York • British general named William Howe arrives with a big army • Even more soldiers arrive 9,000 Hessian mercenaries • Many months the two sides battle for New York • Washington retreats then later they capture 900 Hessians and also kill some soldiers • Americans get needed supplies • Soon Washington wins a battle in Princeton

Trenton • On December 25, 1776 Washington led a surprise attack across the Delaware River to New Jersey. • The Americans captured or killed more than nine hundred Hessians. • The Americans gained many needed supplies.

Princeton • Washington won the battle of Princeton eight days after the battle of Trenton. • After those two battles they started too attract new American recruits. • The two victories proved to the British general that the American generalwas better than he thought.

British strategy to defeat patriots • British used three armies to try to cut off New England from other states. • General John Burgoyne brought forces from Canada. • Colonel Barry St. Leger led an army from Lake Oratorio.

Saratoga • Burgoyne British general leads army • British start losing supplies heading to Saratoga • An American general named Gates commands army, while Benedict Arnold leads an attack at Freeman’s Farm • Arnold is shot but lives • Burgoyne surrenders • Arnold feels Congress didn’t reward him enough, so he betrays Americans by surrendering an American fort to the British. He is called a traitor

European Help • European officers came from France, Poland, and Germany to help Washington • Marquis de Lafayette is a 19 year old that volunteered to serve in Washington's Army • Baron de Kalb was a German officer that served in the French Army and became one of Washington's generals • Baron von Stueben, another German, turned inexperienced Americans into a skilled fighting force.

Valley Forge • Because of this the name Valley Forge came to stand for the great hardships Americans went through. • A quarter of them died form malnutrition, exposure to the cold, and typhoid fever or smallpox. • Since Washington's army was short on supplies they had to travel to Valley Forge with no shoes and only blankets to keep them warm. • Sometimes private citizens came to help the soldiers. Like in 1778, New Years Day a group of women brought them oxen and 2,000 shirts.

Ft. Sackville • George Rogers Clark and a group of Frontiersman went to take Fort Sackville at Vincennes's present day Indiana • Henry Hamilton stopped Clark and recaptured the fort • Clark wanted to recapture the fort, so he and his men set out for Vincennes's from Kaskaskia in February 1779 • Hamilton didn’t expect Clark to come back because the rivers were flooded, but Clark moved through the rivers • Clark was planning to make the British scared, and then they’ll give up eventually.British gave up and Clark won

John Paul Jones • He fought a three and a half hour long battle at sea, that was the most famous sea battle. • He was the commander of the Bonhomie Richard. • His ship sank so he ended up sailingaway in The Serapes.

Savannah • The British thought the Southern were Loyalists and that the slaves would fight with them because they promised freedom, but not all were set free. They were sold to the West Indies • In December 1778, the British captured Port Savannah, Georgia • Using Savannah as a base, they conquered most of Georgia • In 1780 a British army led By General Henry Clinton landed in South Carolina

Charles Town • General Henry Clinton led a British army that trapped Americans in Charles Town. • When the Patriots surrendered, the Americans lost most of their southern army. • This was the worst American defeat of the war.

Camden • General Gates added two thousand militia that were untrained. • Before that he fought the British he met the Swamp Fox, he told he them information about the swamps they were fighting in. • Gates sent Marion to take out communication at Charlestown for the British. • In August 1780 Gates army met up with the British he put the inexperienced militia on the front line so they panicked and fled and lost the battle.

Francis Marion • Francis Marion was called the Swamp Fox and led a band of Patriots to General Gates • He told Gates about South Carolina swamplands • Gates sent him to destroy boats on the Santee River • Marion's men cut the British supply line that led inland and North of Charles Town • Marion used Guerilla methods

Kings Mountain • This was Britain's firstloss. • It was fought on the border of North Carolina And South Carolina. • It was Loyalist Militia vs. British soldiers. • It was fought in October 1780.

Yorktown • Washington is joined by French navy led by Rochambeau. They are against English led by Cornwallis. • British ships are trying to get to Cornwallis, but French drive their ships away from him. The alliance of the Americans and French bomb Yorktown, destroying the whole place. • They trap Cornwallis. He has to surrender • It is the last major battle • Results in British people resigning jobs. It results with new rulers.

Treaty of Paris • It ended the Revolutionary War • The Treaty of Paris had six conditions • The U.S. was an independent country and British won’t bother them if they paid them, and British would return run away slaves • The British and the U.S. didn’t live up to the treaty's terms, so the treaty didn’t work

Revolutionary War