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The Power of the Church

The Power of the Church. Chapter 13 Section 4. Key Terms. Clergy Sacrament Canon law Holy Roman Empire Lay investiture. The Far-Reaching Authority of the Church. Crowning of Charlemagne Gave the church both spiritual and political influence

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The Power of the Church

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  1. The Power of the Church Chapter 13 Section 4

  2. Key Terms • Clergy • Sacrament • Canon law • Holy Roman Empire • Lay investiture

  3. The Far-Reaching Authority of the Church • Crowning of Charlemagne • Gave the church both spiritual and political influence • 300 years earlier Pope Gelasius said conflicts could arise between the church and state

  4. The Far Reaching Authority of The Church • The Church crowned Charlemagne the Roman Emperor in 800, as an attempt to claim both spiritual and political matters • Pope Gelasius I claimed God created two symbolic swords • One for religion • The other political • Pope should bow to emperor (political) • Emperor should bow to pope (religious) • Church and rulers will competed for power

  5. Structure of the Church • Power based on status (Similar to Feudalism) • The pope in Rome headed the church • All clergy under the pope • Clergy- bishops and priests • Bishops supervised priests • Bishops settled disputes over Church teachings • Local priest is the main contact

  6. Religion as a Unifying Force • Feudalism created divisions among people • Shared beliefs in church brought them together • Church stable force during warfare • Provided Christians with a sense of security • Religion was center stage during Middle Ages

  7. Religion as a Unifying Force • Medieval Christians Life was harsh, but the could Follow path to salvation • Everlasting life in heaven • Priests administered the sacraments (Important religious ceremonies) • Baptism, Communion

  8. Religion as a Unifying Force • Baptism- became part of the Christian Community • Village church unifying force • It served as Religious and social center • People worshipped together in Church • Celebrated Holidays festive occasions

  9. The Law of the Church • Churches authority was spiritual and political • The Church Created a code of justice to guide people’s conduct • All kings, peasants subject to canon law (Church Law) • Church law- marriages and religious practices

  10. The Law of the Church • Church established courts to try people accused of violating cannon law • Two of the harshest punishments were • Excommunication • Interdiction • Popes used excommunication a banishment from the church to yield power over political figures

  11. The Law of the Church • King quarrels with a Pope the king would lead to excommunication , which would deny him salvation • Also freed all the kings vassals from their duty • Interdiction was used if the king continued to disobey the pope • Interdiction- sacraments could not be performed on the kings land

  12. The Law of the Church • People believe without the sacraments people are doomed to hell • During 11 century these threat would force and emperor to submit to the popes commands

  13. Otto I Allies with the Church • Otto I was the Most effective ruler in Medieval Germany • Crowned in 936, followed Charlemagne’s politics • Formed close alliance with the church • To limit nobles strength sought help from bishops and abbots • Used power to defeat German princes

  14. Signs of Future Conflicts • Otto invaded Rome on the Popes behalf • Pope crowned him emperor 962 • Holy Roman Empire • Strongest state in Europe till 1100 • Popes and Italian nobles did not like Germany’s power over Italy

  15. The Emperor Clashes with the Pope • Church was not happy with kings (Otto) having control over clergy • Church resented the practice of Layinvestiture-ceremony in which kings and nobles appoint church officials • Who ever controlled lay investiture held the real power • Church reformers felt the king should not have this power

  16. The Emperor Clashes with the Pope • 1075 Pope Gregory VII banned lay investitures • Henry IV called a meeting of the bishops he appointed, Henry IV and the Emperor ordered Gregory to step down • Gregory excommunicated Henry

  17. The Emperor Clashes with the Pope • German bishops sided with the Pope • To save his throne Henry begged forgiveness • 1077 Henry crosses the alps to Canossa • Gregory was a guest there

  18. The Emperor Clashes with the Pope • Stood in bare feet in the snow • Pope was obliged to forgive him • Henry spent three days in the snow before ending his excommunication

  19. Concordat of Worms • Gregory and Henry’s successors continued to fight over lay investiture • 1122 Church and emperor met in the German city of Worms (Wurms) • They Reached a compromise known as the Concordat of Worms • Concordat of worms: Church alone could appoint bishops, but the Emperor could veto the appointment

  20. Disorder in the Empire • Frederick I • First ruler to call his lands the Holy Roman Empire • Invaded rich Italian cities • Merchants and the Pope joined the Lombard league

  21. Reign of Frederick I • 1176 foot soldiers of Lombard league faced Frederick’s army of mounted knights • Battle of Legnano Italian foot soldiers defeat the knights • 1177 makes peace with the Pope • Frederick drowns in 1190 empire collapses

  22. German States Remain Separate • German kings tried to revive Charlemagne’s empire and his alliance with the church • Led to wars with Italian cities clashes with the pope • Clashes were one reason German princes did not unite

  23. German States Remain Separate • German princes electing the king weakened royal authority • German rulers controlled fewer lands • Less of a base of power like French and English kings

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