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The Power of the Church

The Power of the Church. Mr. Morris World History. Key Terms Ch. 13.4 pg 370. Clergy Sacrament Canon law Holy Roman Empire Lay investiture. The Far-Reaching Authority of the Church.

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The Power of the Church

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  1. The Power of the Church Mr. Morris World History

  2. Key Terms Ch. 13.4 pg 370 • Clergy • Sacrament • Canon law • Holy Roman Empire • Lay investiture

  3. The Far-Reaching Authority of the Church • After crowning Charlemagne Roman Emperor in 800, the church was influencing both spiritual and political matters • Pope Gelasius I was the first to say that if the emperor and pope could work together it would be much easier to rule • Later on, the Church and the European rulers competed for power

  4. The Structure of the Church • Church organization was much like feudalism • Power was based on status • The Pope was the head of the Church • All clergy under the Pope’s rule • Bishops supervised priests • Priests the lowest level of clergy • For the common man, the priest was the main contact with the Church

  5. Religion as a Unifying Force • Feudalism created differences between people, but the Church brought them together • Provided Christians with a feeling of security and belonging to a group • Lives were different, but all followed to same path to salvation • Sacraments administered by clergy • Church served as a religious and social center • Religious holidays were cause for great celebrations

  6. The Law of the Church • Church had both political and religious power • Spiritual beliefs and rituals • Created canon law to guide members’ conduct • In order to enforce these laws, courts were created • The harshest punishments that courts could give were • Excommunication – banishment from the Church, no hope for salvation and all land taken away • Interdict – No sacraments or religious services within a king’s lands • Could really upset the king’s subjects

  7. The Church and the Holy Roman Empire • After Charlemagne was crowned Holy Roman Emperor, conflicts between popes and emperors began that would last for centuries

  8. Otto I Allies with the Church • King of Germany in 936, formed a close alliance with the Church • Built power by gaining support of high ranking church officials • Defeated many enemies and invaded Italy using power gained from church alliance • Crowned emperor by the pope in 962

  9. Signs of Future Conflicts • Otto’s German-Italian empire became known as the Holy Roman Empire • Strongest state in Europe for the next 150 years • Eventually, however, popes and Italian nobles became upset with Germany’s power over Italy

  10. The Emperor Clashes with the Pope • Church was upset that kings had control over the clergy and their offices • Hated lay investiture, which allowed kings and nobles to appoint church officials • In 1075, Pope Gregory VII banned lay investiture • German emperor Henry IV ordered Gregory to leave office • Pope excommunicated Henry and was supported by German bishops and princes

  11. Showdown at Canossa • In 1077, Henry went to an Italian town where the pope was staying at a castle • There he stood outside the castle gates for three days asking Pope Gregory for forgiveness • Finally ended his excommunication after the three days spent begging • Pope had humiliated the most powerful ruler in Europe

  12. Concordat of Worms • In 1122, Church officials and representatives for the emperor met in Worms, a German city • Reached a compromise known as the Concordat of Worms • Only the church could appoint bishops • Appointments could be vetoed by the emperor

  13. Disorder in the Empire • By 1152, German princes, who elected the German king, realized that they needed a strong ruler who could keep the peace • Chose Frederick I

  14. The Reign of Frederick I • Frederick I was the first ruler to call his land the Holy Roman Empire • Actually only a set of feudal territories • Whenever he would leave, chaos would ensue • Attacked Italian cities and eventually Italian merchants and the pope joined forces against him • Alliance was called the Lombard League • In 1176, Lombard League foot soldiers defeated knights in battle for the first time ever • Made Frederick I seem weak, after his death the empire crumbled

  15. German States Remain Separate • Kings following Frederick tried to regain the empire Charlemagne had and an alliance with the Church • Only led to more wars and disagreements with the pope • As a result, German states did not unify during the Middle Ages

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