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Mini Lecture 1 Module : Tobacco Effects and Neoplasia

TOBACCO AND CARCINOGENESIS. Mini Lecture 1 Module : Tobacco Effects and Neoplasia. Objectives of the Mini Lecture. GOAL OF MODULE: Increase students’ knowledge of the potential threat of developing cancer in different parts of the body as a result of tobacco use. LEARNING OBJECTIVES

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Mini Lecture 1 Module : Tobacco Effects and Neoplasia

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  1. TOBACCO AND CARCINOGENESIS Mini Lecture 1 Module: Tobacco Effects and Neoplasia

  2. Objectives of the Mini Lecture GOAL OF MODULE: Increase students’ knowledge of the potential threat of developing cancer in different parts of the body as a result of tobacco use. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Students will understand: • How smoking causes lung cancer. • How tobacco is a risk factor for digestive cancers. • The types of urogenital cancer associated with smoking. • The adverse effects of smoking on cancer management. • The effects of tobacco cessation on risk and management of cancers.

  3. Contents Core Slides Optional Slides Nicotine Addiction and Invasive Cancers • Carcinogenic Content of Cigarettes • Tobacco Carcinogenesis Mechanism (1) • Tobacco Carcinogenesis Mechanism (2) • Behavioural Model of Tobacco Addiction

  4. CORE SLIDES Tobacco and Carcinogenesis Mini Lecture 1 Module: Tobacco Effects and Neoplasia

  5. Carcinogenic Content of Cigarettes • Cigarette smoke: • Contains 72 carcinogens3 • Most potent are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNs) http://www.bloodindex.org/images/smoking.gif 1. Shields 2000; 3. Hecht 2011

  6. Tobacco CarcinogenesisMechanism (1) • First PAH (polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon) identified as a carcinogen in tobacco smoke was benzopyrene. • Benzopyrene and acrolein irreversibly binds to DNA, causes mutations and cancer.1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Benzopyrene_DNA_adduct_1JDG.png 1. Hecht 1999

  7. Tobacco CarcinogenesisMechanism (2) • Nicotine, per se, is not carcinogenic or mutagenic. • However, it inhibits apoptosis, therefore accelerating existing cancers.1 • NNK, a nicotine derivative converted from nicotine, can be carcinogenic.2 http://www.curingdeath.com/images/thumbnails/pah-reactive-oxygen.jpg 1. Hoffmann and Hecht 1985; 2. Tsurutani et al. 2005

  8. Biobehavioural Model of Nicotine Addictionand Tobacco Related Cancers • Social Factors • Culture • SES • Peer/family/media influences • politics Behavioural, Neurochemical and Psychological Factors Tobacco use Dependence Cessation Relapse • Psychological Factors • Co morbidity • Personality • Stress Cancer • Biological Factors • Genetics • Nutrition 1. Hiatt and Rimer 1999

  9. OPTIONAL SLIDES Tobacco and Carcinogenesis Mini Lecture 1 Module: Tobacco Effects and Neoplasia

  10. Nicotine Addiction and Invasive Cancer • Long -term exposure of DNA to metabolically activated carcinogens leads to formation of DNA adducts (pieces of DNA that are covalently bonded to a cancer causing chemical) and resultant genetic changes. • This barrage of DNA damage, taking place daily over many years, is fully consistent with multiple genetic changes in lung cancer. • The time frame and sequence of genetic changes are uncertain. 1. Hecht 2002

  11. The most important health message a doctor can give to patients is to quit smoking.

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