1 / 52

Fundamental Theorem of Algebra and Zeros of Polynomials

Learn about the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, synthetic substitution, finding zeros, factors, roots, and intercepts of polynomial functions. Practice solving equations and determining the number and type of roots.

eaglem
Download Presentation

Fundamental Theorem of Algebra and Zeros of Polynomials

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Splash Screen

  2. Five-Minute Check (over Lesson 5–6) CCSS Then/Now Concept Summary: Zeros, Factors, Roots, and Intercepts Key Concept: Fundamental Theorem of Algebra Example 1: Determine Number and Type of Roots Key Concept: Corollary to the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra Key Concept: Descartes’ Rule of Signs Example 2: Find Numbers of Positive and Negative Zeros Example 3: Use Synthetic Substitution to Find Zeros Key Concept: Complex Conjugates Theorem Example 4: Use Zeros to Write a Polynomial Function Lesson Menu

  3. Use synthetic substitution to find f(2) for f(r) = 3r4 + 7r2 – 12r + 23. A. 21 B. 75 C. 855 D. 4091 5-Minute Check 1

  4. Use synthetic substitution to find f(2) for f(r) = 3r4 + 7r2 – 12r + 23. A. 21 B. 75 C. 855 D. 4091 5-Minute Check 1

  5. Use synthetic substitution to find f(6) for f(c) = 2c3 + 19c2 + 2. A. 94 B. 727 C. 1118 D. 1619 5-Minute Check 2

  6. Use synthetic substitution to find f(6) for f(c) = 2c3 + 19c2 + 2. A. 94 B. 727 C. 1118 D. 1619 5-Minute Check 2

  7. Given a polynomial and one of its factors, find the remaining factors of the polynomial.k4 + 7k3 + 9k2 – 7k – 10; k + 2 A. (k + 5), (k + 1) B. (k + 1), (k – 1) C. (k + 5), (k + 1), (k – 1) D. (k + 5), (k – 5), (k + 1), (k – 1) 5-Minute Check 3

  8. Given a polynomial and one of its factors, find the remaining factors of the polynomial.k4 + 7k3 + 9k2 – 7k – 10; k + 2 A. (k + 5), (k + 1) B. (k + 1), (k – 1) C. (k + 5), (k + 1), (k – 1) D. (k + 5), (k – 5), (k + 1), (k – 1) 5-Minute Check 3

  9. Given a polynomial and one of its factors, find the remaining factors of the polynomial.6p3 + 11p2 – 14p – 24; p + 2 A. (2p – 3)(2p + 3) B. (2p – 3)(3p + 4) C. (3p + 4)(3p – 4) D. (2p + 3)(3p – 4) 5-Minute Check 4

  10. Given a polynomial and one of its factors, find the remaining factors of the polynomial.6p3 + 11p2 – 14p – 24; p + 2 A. (2p – 3)(2p + 3) B. (2p – 3)(3p + 4) C. (3p + 4)(3p – 4) D. (2p + 3)(3p – 4) 5-Minute Check 4

  11. The function f(x) = x3 – 6x2 – x + 30 can be used to describe the relative stability of a small boat carrying x passengers, where f(x) = 0 indicates that the boat is extremely unstable. With three passengers, the boat tends to capsize. What other passenger loads could cause the boat to capsize? A. 6 passengers B. 5 passengers C. 4 passengers D. 2 passengers 5-Minute Check 5

  12. The function f(x) = x3 – 6x2 – x + 30 can be used to describe the relative stability of a small boat carrying x passengers, where f(x) = 0 indicates that the boat is extremely unstable. With three passengers, the boat tends to capsize. What other passenger loads could cause the boat to capsize? A. 6 passengers B. 5 passengers C. 4 passengers D. 2 passengers 5-Minute Check 5

  13. What value of k would give a remainder of 6 when x2 + kx + 18 is divided by x + 4? A. 7 B. –1 C. 1 D. 3 5-Minute Check 6

  14. What value of k would give a remainder of 6 when x2 + kx + 18 is divided by x + 4? A. 7 B. –1 C. 1 D. 3 5-Minute Check 6

  15. Content Standards N.CN.9 Know the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra; show that it is true for quadratic polynomials. A.APR.3 Identify zeros of polynomials when suitable factorizations are available, and use the zeros to construct a rough graph of the function defined by the polynomial. Mathematical Practices 6 Attend to precision. CCSS

  16. You used complex numbers to describe solutions of quadratic equations. • Determine the number and type of roots for a polynomial equation. • Find the zeros of a polynomial function. Then/Now

  17. Concept

  18. Concept

  19. Original equation Factor. Zero Product Property Solve each equation. Determine Number and Type of Roots A.Solve x2 + 2x – 48 = 0. State the number and type of roots. Answer: Example 1

  20. Original equation Factor. Zero Product Property Solve each equation. Determine Number and Type of Roots A.Solve x2 + 2x – 48 = 0. State the number and type of roots. Answer: This equation has two real roots, –8 and 6. Example 1

  21. y4 – 256 = 0 Original equation Factor. (y2 + 16) (y2 – 16) = 0 (y2 +16) (y + 4)(y – 4) = 0 Factor. Determine Number and Type of Roots B. Solve y4 – 256 = 0. State the number and types of roots. y2 + 16 = 0 or y + 4 = 0 or y – 4 = 0 Zero Product Property Example 1

  22. Determine Number and Type of Roots y2 = –16 y = –4 y = 4 Solve each equation. Answer: Example 1

  23. Determine Number and Type of Roots y2 = –16 y = –4 y = 4 Solve each equation. Answer: This equation has two real roots, –4 and 4, and two imaginary roots, 4iand –4i. Example 1

  24. A. Solve x2 – x – 12 = 0. State the number and type of roots. A. 2 real: –3 and 4 B. 2 real: 3 and –4 C. 2 real: –2 and 6 D. 2 real: 3 and 4; 2 imaginary: 3i and 4i Example 1

  25. A. Solve x2 – x – 12 = 0. State the number and type of roots. A. 2 real: –3 and 4 B. 2 real: 3 and –4 C. 2 real: –2 and 6 D. 2 real: 3 and 4; 2 imaginary: 3i and 4i Example 1

  26. B. Solve a4 – 81 = 0. State the number and type of roots. A. 2 real: –3 and 3 B. 2 real: –3 and 32 imaginary: 3i and –3i C. 2 real: –9 and 92 imaginary: 3i and –3i D. 2 real: –9 and 92 imaginary: 9i and –9i Example 1

  27. B. Solve a4 – 81 = 0. State the number and type of roots. A. 2 real: –3 and 3 B. 2 real: –3 and 32 imaginary: 3i and –3i C. 2 real: –9 and 92 imaginary: 3i and –3i D. 2 real: –9 and 92 imaginary: 9i and –9i Example 1

  28. Concept

  29. Concept

  30. yes – to + yes + to – no – to – no – to – Find Numbers of Positive and Negative Zeros State the possible number of positive real zeros, negative real zeros, and imaginary zeros of p(x) = –x6 + 4x3 – 2x2 – x – 1. Since p(x) has degree 6, it has 6 zeros. However, some of them may be imaginary. Use Descartes’ Rule of Signs to determine the number and type of real zeros. Count the number of changes in sign for the coefficients of p(x). p(x) = –x6 + 4x3 – 2x2 – x – 1 Example 2

  31. no – to – no – to – yes – to + yes + to – Find Numbers of Positive and Negative Zeros Since there are two sign changes, there are 2 or 0 positive real zeros. Find p(–x) and count the number of sign changes for its coefficients. p(–x) = –(–x)6 + 4(–x)3 – 2(–x)2 – (–x)– 1 –x6 – 4x3 – 2x2 + x – 1 Since there are two sign changes, there are 2 or 0 negative real zeros. Make a chart of possible combinations. Example 2

  32. Find Numbers of Positive and Negative Zeros Answer: Example 2

  33. Find Numbers of Positive and Negative Zeros Answer: There are 2 or 0 positive real zeros, 2 or 0 negative real zeros, and 6, 4, or 2 imaginary zeros. Example 2

  34. State the possible number of positive real zeros, negative real zeros, and imaginary zeros ofp(x) = x4 – x3 + x2 + x + 3. A.positive: 2 or 0; negative: 3 or 1;imaginary: 1, 3, or 5 B.positive: none; negative: none;imaginary: 6 C.positive: 2 or 0; negative: 0; imaginary: 6 or 4 D.positive: 2 or 0; negative: 2 or 0; imaginary: 6, 4, or 2 Example 2

  35. State the possible number of positive real zeros, negative real zeros, and imaginary zeros ofp(x) = x4 – x3 + x2 + x + 3. A.positive: 2 or 0; negative: 3 or 1;imaginary: 1, 3, or 5 B.positive: none; negative: none;imaginary: 6 C.positive: 2 or 0; negative: 0; imaginary: 6 or 4 D.positive: 2 or 0; negative: 2 or 0; imaginary: 6, 4, or 2 Example 2

  36. yes yes no no no yes Use Synthetic Substitution to Find Zeros Find all of the zeros of f(x) = x3 – x2 + 2x + 4. Since f(x) has degree of 3, the function has three zeros. To determine the possible number and type of real zeros, examine the number of sign changes in f(x) and f(–x). f(x) = x3 – x2 + 2x + 4 f(–x) = –x3 – x2 – 2x + 4 Example 3

  37. Use Synthetic Substitution to Find Zeros The function has 2 or 0 positive real zeros and exactly 1 negative real zero. Thus, this function has either 2 positive real zeros and 1 negative real zero or 2 imaginary zeros and 1 negative real zero. To find the zeros, list some possibilities and eliminate those that are not zeros. Use synthetic substitution to find f(a) for several values of a. Each row in the table shows the coefficients of the depressed polynomial and the remainder. Example 3

  38. Quadratic Formula Replace a with 1, b with –2, and c with 4. Use Synthetic Substitution to Find Zeros From the table, we can see that one zero occurs at x = –1. Since the depressed polynomial, x2 – 2x + 4, is quadratic, use the Quadratic Formula to find the roots of the related quadratic equation x2 – 2x + 4 = 0. Example 3

  39. Simplify. Simplify. Use Synthetic Substitution to Find Zeros Example 3

  40. Use Synthetic Substitution to Find Zeros Answer: Example 3

  41. Answer: Thus, this function has one real zero at –1 and two imaginary zeros at . The graph of the function verifies that there is only one real zero. Use Synthetic Substitution to Find Zeros Example 3

  42. A. B. C. D. What are all the zeros of f(x) = x3 – 3x2 – 2x + 4? Example 3

  43. A. B. C. D. What are all the zeros of f(x) = x3 – 3x2 – 2x + 4? Example 3

  44. Concept

  45. Use Zeros to Write a Polynomial Function Write a polynomial function of least degree with integral coefficients, the zeros of which include 4 and 4 – i. Understand If 4 – i is a zero, then 4 + i is also a zero, according to the Complex Conjugate Theorem. So, x – 4, x – (4 – i), and x – (4 + i) are factors of the polynomial function. Plan Write the polynomial function as a product of its factors.f(x) = (x – 4)[x – (4 – i)][x – (4 + i)] Example 4

  46. Use Zeros to Write a Polynomial Function Solve Multiply the factors to find the polynomial function. f(x) = (x – 4)[x – (4 – i)][x – (4 + i)] Write an equation. = (x – 4)[(x – 4) + i)][(x – 4) – i)] Regroup terms. = (x – 4)[(x – 4)2 – i2] Rewrite as the difference of two squares. Example 4

  47. Square x – 4 and replacei2 with –1. Simplify. Multiply using the Distributive Property. Combine like terms. Use Zeros to Write a Polynomial Function Example 4

  48. Use Zeros to Write a Polynomial Function Answer: Example 4

  49. Use Zeros to Write a Polynomial Function Answer:f(x) = x3 – 12x2 + 49x – 68 is a polynomial function of least degree with integral coefficients whose zeros are 4, 4 – i, and 4 + i. Example 4

  50. What is a polynomial function of least degree with integral coefficients the zeros of which include 2 and 1 + i? A.x2 – 3x + 2 – xi + 2i B.x2 – 2x + 2 C.x3 – 4x2 + 6x – 4 D.x3 + 6x – 4 Example 4

More Related