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The Self

The Self. Humanistic Perspective. The Real Self: . According to Rogers, our real self is based on our actual experiences and represents how we actually see ourselves. Why do I sometimes feel that I don’t know myself? Why do I sometimes say or do things that aren’t really me?

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The Self

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  1. The Self Humanistic Perspective

  2. The Real Self: • According to Rogers, our real self is based on our actual experiences and represents how we actually see ourselves. • Why do I sometimes feel that I don’t know myself? • Why do I sometimes say or do things that aren’t really me? • Carl Rogers developed a clever answer to these relatively common and perplexing questions. • Label a blank sheet of paper “Perceived Self” • Spend about 5 minutes describing how you see yourself.

  3. Ideal Self • The ideal self, according to Rogers, is based on our hopes and wishes and reflects how we would like to see ourselves. • Label a piece of paper “Ideal Self” and spend about 5 minutes describing who you would LIKE TO BE. • Did anyone write the same thing on both papers? • The Humanistic perspective argues that a fully self-actualized person finds the “Ideal Self” completely congruent with the “Perceived Self”

  4. Contradiction between the ideal and real self • A glaring contradiction between the “real” and “ideal” self can result in personality problems. • What might account for the glaring differences between the real & ideal self? • Maturity • Still achieving goals • Still in the process of finding our true identity

  5. How popular is Humanism? • Perhaps the main reason humanistic theories, such as those of Maslow & Rogers, continue to be popular is that they view people as basically good and believe that people can develop their true potentials. • Criticisms? • Provide little or no scientific proof that an innate tendency to self actualize exists. • Description of human behavior rather than an explanation? • Humanistic theories tend to ignore research showing that 20-60% of the development of intellectual, emotional, social, and personality traits comes from genetic factors.

  6. Assessing the Self • What do we know from research? • Visualization • Benefits of Self-Esteem • Culture • Fewer sleepless nights • Succumb less easily to pressures • Less likely to use drugs • Persist more on difficult tasks • Just plain happier • 3 ways to maintain self-esteem • Value things at which they excel • Attribute problems to prejudice • Do what everyone else does (compare only to own group)

  7. Activity! • The Name-Letter Effect

  8. Activity! • Self-Ratings

  9. The Self-Serving Bias • A readiness to perceive oneself favorably. People accept responsibility for good deeds more often than for bad People see themselves as better than average Self-Presentation Theory

  10. Individualism vs. Collectivism • Individualism: Giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s personal attributes rather than group identifications (Independence) • Collectivism: Giving priority to the goals of one’s group and defining one’s identity accordingly (Interdependence)

  11. Value Contrasts Between Individualism and Collectivism

  12. Video • Cultural Psychology

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