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Dynamics of Developing the Greening Policy for Urban Areas- Case studies

Dynamics of Developing the Greening Policy for Urban Areas- Case studies. Need for Greening Policy Background of the case studies Action Plan Outcome Ingredients of Greening Policy. Need for Greening Policy. Urban areas witness high level of air pollution

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Dynamics of Developing the Greening Policy for Urban Areas- Case studies

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  1. Dynamics of Developing the Greening Policy for Urban Areas- Case studies • Need for Greening Policy • Background of the case studies • Action Plan • Outcome • Ingredients of Greening Policy

  2. Need for Greening Policy • Urban areas witness high level of air pollution • Affects ambient air quality beyond permissible limit • Deteriorated air quality affects the health of the people • Movements by people\NGO’s against deteriorating ambient air quality • Judicial activism on environmental & forestry issues • Requirement for aesthetic environment in urban areas

  3. CASE STUDIES • DELHI • CHANDIGARH

  4. GREENING DELHI

  5. Background of the case study • Tremendous influx of the population • City resources under tremendous pressure. • Delhi characterized by environmental degradation in terms of air and noise pollution • Fourth most polluted city in the world • Quality of ambient air deteriorated • Inversion phenomenon • Higher incidence of respiratory disease

  6. Background of the case study • Protection of tree/vegetation • 26 sq. km. of forest cover • 7777 ha ridge area declared reserve forest

  7. Potential of Forest Cover in amelioration of environment • Effective carbon sink • Green lungs of the city • Acts as dust filter/collector • Acts as a shelter belt and dissipates sound/noise • Pollution scavenger • Absorbs gases and gather particulate matter

  8. Components of Greening Delhi Action Plan • Massive planting of seedlings by various Govt. agencies • Involving NGOs, residents associations etc. in tree planting & protection • Motivating people to plant at least one tree per family • Free distribution of seedlings to public • To increase mass awareness for trees • To bring all greening agencies under one umbrella

  9. Increase in vegetation by • Protection of existing trees/forest • Need specific models prescribed for different categories of lands for plantation along • Roadside, traffic intersection and central vergers • Drains • Existing protected forests • Gaon Sabha lands, resident colonies, parks, etc. • City forests • Ridge

  10. Mass awareness campaigning strategy for Greening Delhi To sensitize the people on need of increased forest/trees by: • Enlisting NGOs active participation • School children main target group • Use various medias like: Press, AIR/FM, electronic media, cable TVs, advertisements in newspapers, theatre groups, computerized display of messages at traffic intersections etc.

  11. Positive aspects of greening Focus shifted towards • Tall planting • Judicious selection of species based on factors • Location of plantation site • Environmental • Edaphic and climatic • Aesthetic

  12. Positive aspects of greening Focus shifted towards • Protection of existing vegetation • Emphasis on in-situ SMC works • Awareness raising

  13. Outcome of the Greening Delhi Action Plan • Increase in forest cover • Active involvement of NGOs, people, students and media in the greening of Delhi

  14. GREENING OF CHANDIGARH- A case study • Chandigarh- the beautiful city, designed by famous French architect, Le Corbusier is known for its unique architecture and well planned landscaping. A harmonious blend of buildings, trees and other landscape elements, with the backdrop of the Shivalik hills, enhances its aesthetic value.

  15. STRATEGYTO INCREASE GREEN COVER • Massive Plantation of tall saplings • Maintenance e.g. regular watering. • Protection by putting tree guards. • Emphasis on plantation of indigenous trees. • Selection of species based upon - Environmental consideration - Site condition

  16. COMPONENTS OF GREEN COVER • Roadside Plantations • Gardens and greenbelts • Plantations in institutions • Creation of Herbal Gardens in Academic institutions • Enrichment planting in Reserve Forest and Wildlife Sanctuaries

  17. Road side plantations • Avenues of One tree species on one road • Selection of Tree species based upon: • Hardiness • Evergreen foliage • Pollution abetment requirement

  18. PARKS AND GREEN BELTS • 1900 small and big parks • A specified percentage has been earmarked for woodlots depending upon size of park:

  19. PROTECTION & IMPROVEMENT • Regular replacement of dead, dying and diseased trees. • Under planting under over-matured & matured trees. • Medium size Species to be planted under overhead electric lines & telephone lines. • Removal of weeds like Lantana & Parthenium from the city. • Composting / Vermi Composting to prevent burning of leaves.

  20. PROTECTION & IMPROVEMENT STEPS • Control of pest attack on trees. • Removal of concreting/ tiling around the tree stem. • Removal of Kiosks, advertisement boards from tree trunks to avoid damage to trees • Removal of lights (bulbs & tubes) from trees. • Promoting Rain water harvesting

  21. PROTECTION & IMPROVEMENT • Creation of herbal gardens in educational institutions. • Transplantation of trees. • Mulching of leaves for protection of saplings. • Restoration & Conservation of Biodiversity.

  22. GREEN COVER OF CHANDIGARH S.F.R-2001 36 sq. km 49 sq. km. S.F.R-2003 50 sq.km. S.F.R.-2005 54 sq.km. S.F.R.-2009 NET INCREASE OF GREEN COVER IN 8 YEARS (2001-09) 18 SQ.KM

  23. GREEN COVER OF CHANDIGARH ( SFR-2009 )

  24. EMERGING CHALLENGES TO THE URBAN FORESTRY AND LANDSCAPE

  25. Expansion of roads to decongest vehicular traffic

  26. Expansion of roads to decongest vehicular traffic

  27. Laying of services (overhead or under ground)

  28. Laying of services (overhead or under ground)

  29. Over crowding of parks and gardens due to galloping human population

  30. Ingredients of Greening Policy for Urban Areas

  31. Afforestation by various agencies • Protection of existing vegetation • Enlisting people’s participation at different levels • Mass awareness campaign • Need for coordination

  32. Thank you goel1977@rediffmail.com

  33. Status of Forest Cover(Area in Sq. km.)

  34. Inversion phenomena • Trapping of cold air over Delhi with gaseous pollutions near the earth surface • Delhi becomes a chamber of poisonous gases during winter • Dramatic increase in respiratory infections in winter months.

  35. Reasons for Poor Ambient Air Quality • Increase in SPM (responsible for respiratory diseases) due to air pollution • Air pollution • 63% - by vehicles • 14% - by 3 Thermal power stations • 23% - by industries

  36. Comparison of pollution by different sources

  37. Table: Ambient Air Quality in DelhiResidential Area

  38. Table: Ambient Air Quality in DelhiIndustrial Area

  39. Table: Ambient Air Quality in DelhiTraffic intersections

  40. Protection of existing vegetation • Enactment of Delhi Tree Preservation Act • Strict implementation of act • Imposition of heavy fines for illegal cutting on individuals and organizations • Redefined role of Forest Deptt. • Willing cooperation of NGOs/ people/ media in information flow about illegal cutting of trees • Made Forest Deptt. the focal point in Greening Delhi Action Plan

  41. Salient features of development of ridge Characteristics: • Extension of Aravali range • Divided in four portions • Coarse and bouldary soil • Moisture stress with semi arid conditions • Stunted vegetation rich in root stock Aim to develop the ridge into multi layered forests: • Natural regeneration-cum-enrichment planting • Extensive SMC measures like trenching, water harvesting structures etc. • Protection

  42. Salient features of road side plantations • Worst affected by air pollution • Selection of species based upon • Environmental considerations like resistance to pollution • Ornamental & aesthetic aspects • Tall planting • Maintenance e.g. regular watering

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