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A Survey on FFD

A Survey on FFD. Reporter: Gang Xu Mar 15, 2006. Outline. Overview Volumn-based FFD Surface-based FFD Curve-based FFD Point-based FFD Accurate FFD Future Work. Overview. FFD (Free Form Deformation) : Sederberg and Parry, 1986 Application : Animate, Modeling , Image processing.

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A Survey on FFD

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  1. A Survey on FFD Reporter: Gang Xu Mar 15, 2006

  2. Outline • Overview • Volumn-based FFD • Surface-based FFD • Curve-based FFD • Point-based FFD • Accurate FFD • Future Work

  3. Overview • FFD (Free Form Deformation) : Sederberg and Parry, 1986 • Application : Animate, Modeling , Image processing. • Software: Maya, 3D max, Softimage

  4. Classification • Non-Accurate FFD Sample points • Accurate FFD (Jieqing Feng, 1998) No sample points

  5. Non-Accurate FFD • No deformation tools • Having deformation tools

  6. No deformation tools • Barr, 1984. Deformation by matrices whose components are functions of one space coordinate. Tapering, twisting , bending

  7. Having deformation tools • Volume-based FFD • Surface-based FFD • Curve-based FFD • Point-based FFD

  8. Volume-based FFD • Bezier volume-based FFD(Sederbeg, 1986) • Four steps Create deformation tools. Associate the object to the deformation space Modify the deformation tools. The object is deformed.

  9. Bezier volume-based FFD

  10. Extensions of Bezier FFD • B-spline volume (GP 89, Com89) • NURBS volume (LW94) They are both simple Extensions of Bezier FFD, but have good property: local deformation and weight.

  11. Subdivision volume based FFD • MacCracken and Joy , 1996 arbitrary topology lattices

  12. Weighted T-spline based FFD • Song Wenhao, 2005 Weighted T-spline volume, Octree subidivision.

  13. Scalar field based FFD • Hua and Qing, 2003

  14. Summary and discussion • The basic idea is same, only the tool is different. • Is there other good tool?

  15. Surface based FFD(1) • Feng Jieqing, Ma Lizhuang, 1996 • The parametric surface is considered as the deformation tool

  16. Step 1 The deformation tool is defined: a B-spline surface forming a rectangular Planar grid on XOY plane.

  17. Step 2 • The object is associated to the deformation tool

  18. Step 3 and Step 4 • The deformation tool is modified. • The object is deformationed.

  19. Results

  20. Subdivision surface based FFD • Feng Jieqing, 2005 • Arbitrary topology. • Multiresolution FFD.

  21. Process

  22. Process

  23. Generation of control mesh • Primitive mesh and Boolean operations • Reed graph method

  24. Generation of deformation space

  25. Subdivision Method

  26. Parameterization • Attaching object on the subdivision surface • The nearest point rule

  27. Modify the control mesh

  28. Multiresolution space deformation

  29. Implementation results

  30. Summary • Arbitrary topology • Multiresolution • No parametric form • Costs

  31. Other surface based FFD • Mean value coordinate (Ju Tao, 2005)

  32. Other surface based FFD • Triangular mesh based FFD (Kobayashi ,2003)

  33. Curve based FFD • The deformation tool is curve • Build coordinate systems

  34. Generalized de Casteljau FFD • de Casteljau algorithm (Chang, 1994) • line---curve

  35. Generalized de Casteljau FFD

  36. Results

  37. Results

  38. Generalization • Rectangular domain (Bechmann, 2001) Rectangular-----Surface • Triangular domain (Mikita, 1996) Triangular---------Surface Generalize to trivariate case, just the FFD proposed by Sedeberg and Parry

  39. Axial deformation (Lararus, 94) • Initial curve can be arbitrary.

  40. Process • Define initial curve and the zone of influence parameters. • The source curve is recursively subdivided into a line segment approximation. The Rotation minimizing orthogonal frame are then constructed for each line segment. All sample points are parametrised with respect to the approximated curve by establishing the closest point on the curve S(ti). • The curve is reshaped by the user. • The deformation of the curve is transmitted to the object.

  41. Result

  42. Arc-length based AxDf and Length preserving Deformation • Peng, 1999

  43. Wire-based FFD (singh, 1998)

  44. FFD with curve pairs • Xu Jianquan, 2001.

  45. Point-based FFD • Direct manipulate of FFD, Hsu,1992 Through a given point Least square method

  46. Dirichlet FFD(Moccozet, 1997) • Computational Geometry • Convex hull ,Delaunay triangulation • Voronoi graph, FFD

  47. Constraint optimal based DFFD • Hu Shimin, 2001 • efficient explicit solutions • decomposable multiple point constraints • Constraint optimal method

  48. FFD using NURBS volume

  49. Explicit solution for directmanipulation of FFD

  50. Explicit solution for directmanipulation of FFD

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