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States of Matter

States of Matter. Chapter 4. States of matter are the physical forms in which matter can exist. States of matter are determined by how fast the individual particles (atoms) are moving. Solid. Liquid. GAS. Phases of Matter. Solids definite shape and volume.

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States of Matter

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  1. States of Matter Chapter 4

  2. States of matter are the physical forms in which matter can exist • States of matter are determined by how fast the individual particles (atoms) are moving Solid Liquid GAS

  3. Phases of Matter

  4. Solidsdefinite shape and volume • Slowest particle movement (lowest energy level) • Particles “wiggle”, but are locked in place • Particles are strongly attracted to each other

  5. Liquiddefinite volume, no definite shape • Slightly faster motion, slightly higher energy level • Particles slide past each other but still remain in close contact • Particles are not as attracted to each other

  6. Gasno definite shape or volume • Faster particle motion, higher energy level • Particles bounce off of each other creating space between them • Particles are not attracted to each other at all

  7. Plasmano definite shape, no definite volume • Fastest particle motion, highest energy level • Similar to a gas, particle bounce off of each other • Particles are broken apart because they are moving so fast

  8. Section 2 Changes of State The conversion of a substance from one physical form to another

  9. Endo vs Exo • Endothermic- • Endo = in, enter • Thermic= heat energy • Heat/energy absorbed • Requires extra heat, energy • Makes a substance warmer • Exothermic- • Exo = out, exit • Thermic = heat energy • Heat/energy given off • Does not require extra heat, but heat is produced • Makes a substance cooler

  10. Temperature Basic unit is 0celsius (0C) Tool is a thermometer Used to measure how much heat energy (thermal energy) is in a material Kelvin is also used to measure total heat energy. Absolute zero (0 K) means there is no heat energy, no heat vibration, (this is perfectly cold) Important numbers 00C is the freezing point of water 1000C is the boiling point of water

  11. Water Boils Body Temperature Water Freezes Absolute Zero (no heat, all molecular vibration stops) Temperature Scales 0Fahrenheit 0Celcius Kelvin 2120 98.60 320 00 - 4590 1000 370 00 -2730 373 310 273 0

  12. Celsius to Fahrenheit Fahrenheit to Celsius Converting Temperatures Celsius to Kelvins K = 0C + 273 Kelvins to Celsius 0C = K – 273

  13. Melting • Endothermic change of a solid into a liquid

  14. Vaporization • Endothermic change of a liquid turning into a gas • Also called boiling

  15. Boiling looks like this… TEMPERATURE While the water is boiling the temperature will not rise. It will stay at 1000C until all of the water is gone. Boiling Point 1000C

  16. Evaporation • Vaporization that occurs at temperatures below the boiling point • Can occur with solids or liquids

  17. VAPORIZATIONliquid into gas Evaporation is when vaporization occurs at he surface, but below the boiling point (at any temperature) EVAPORATION Boiling is when vaporization occurs throughout the liquid at the boiling point BOILING

  18. Exothermic change of a liquid into a solid Examples Lava into a rock Water into ice Freezing

  19. Exothermic change of a gas into a liquid Example Rain Condensation

  20. Endothermic change of a solid directly into a gas Example Dry ice (frozen CO2) into carbon dioxide gas, comet Sublimation

  21. Changes of State Chart GAS Boiling Point Condensation Point LIQUID TEMPERATURE Melting Point Freezing Point SOLID TIME

  22. Changes of State Chart GAS Boiling Point 1000C (for water) LIQUID TEMPERATURE Melting Point 00C (for water) SOLID TIME

  23. Changes of State Chart GAS 1000C (for water) Condensation Point LIQUID TEMPERATURE 00C (for water) Freezing Point SOLID TIME

  24. Look at it going up or down… Boiling Point GAS Condensation Point TEMPERATURE LIQUID Melting Point Freezing Point SOLID TIME

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