Verbs, Adjectives, and Adverbs

1. Verbs, Adjectives, and Adverbs Weeks 5 and 6

2. What is a verb? • Every sentence has a subject and a predicate. • The subject is ______ or _____ what a sentence is about. • The predicate is where the __________ is in the sentence. • Examples: • Shanna _____ lunch every day. • The cat ______ milk from a dish. • My brother ________ basketball.

3. What does a verb do? • A verb shows what the subject is, __h____, does, or ____f_____.

4. Types of Verbs • We will learn three kinds of verbs: • Action • State of Being • Linking/Helping

5. Action Verbs • Action verbs do just what they say. They show ________ in a sentence. • Can anyone think of some actions?

6. Action Verbs • Action can relate to a physical action: • Jessica mopped to the floor. • Or, it can relate to a mental action: • Erin thought about the beach.

7. Let’s identify the action verbs… • Bart and Lisa run on the track team. • The class participated in a spelling bee. • Ms. Dilsaver eats chocolate. • Jasper dreams about eating all day long. • My mother loves flowers.

8. State of Being Verbs • We know that action verbs show ________ in a sentence. • State of being verbs are a little different. • They don’t show ________, they show what the subject _______. • For example: Ms. Dilsaveris a teacher. • There is no action in this sentence. The verb simply tells us what the subject is. • State of Being Verbs are also called _________ Verbs.

9. State of Being Verbs • Most common states of being verbs are forms of the Be verb itself: • Am • Is • Are • Was • Were • Being • Been

10. State of Being Verbs • Let’s look at some examples... • Burt is the gardener’s assistant. • He seems afraid of the swans. • One swan looks angry. • In fact, swans are hungry.

11. State of Being Verbs • Here are some other examples of common state of being verbs: • Appear • Become • Feel • Grow • Look • Seem • Remain • Smell • Sound • Stay • taste

12. Let’s find the verbs in these sentences. Are they action of state of being verbs? • We parked and locked our bicycles in the rack at the library. • Many, many resources were available there. • I considered several books about wild animals. • All of the books looked interesting. • Finally, I decided on one about tropical birds. • The book described many birds from countries in Central and South America. • I especially liked the photographs in the book. • The pictures of the birds are very colorful. • Some of the birds’ feathers are pink, orange, red, and green. • I carried the book home in my backpack.

13. What’s the difference? • What’s the difference between linking and state of being verbs? • There is no difference between the two. • They are referred to as linking verbs because they link the ____________ to the ___________ in the sentence. • Ms. Dilsaver __________ a teacher. • Ms. Dilsaver is the ______________ • _________ a teacher is the ________________.

14. Some verbs can function as either linking verbs or action verbs.

15. How to know? • To help you decide whether one of these verbs is a linking verb, try substituting is or are for the verb. If the sentence still makes sense, the verb is probably a linking verb. • The pigeons look comical. (The pigeons are comical.) • The swan’s hiss sounds fierce. (The swan’s hiss is fierce.)

16. Which of these sentences contains a linking verb? • A monkey appears from behind a tree. It appears excited. • The young deer grew taller. The male deer grew antlers. • The koala baby looks cute. It looks for its mother. • The koala tastes a leaf. Does it taste good? • We smell the eucalyptus tree. It smells pleasant. • We feel the tree’s bark. It feels smooth.

17. Helping Verbs • We know about action and state of being/linking verbs. • Now we need to know about the third kind: ___________ verbs. • A helping verb works with the main verb to help you understand ________ the action is taking place. • For example: The student ________ using the computer. • The word _______ helps you to understand _______ the action is taking place.

18. Helping Verbs • Here are some helping verbs: • May do • Might does • Must did • Be should • Being could • Been would • Am have • Are had • Is will • Was can

19. Helping Verbs • Remember! • Not all sentences will have a helping verb. • When you see an “-ing” verb such as running be on the lookout for a helping verb. • Sometimes words might separate the helping verb from the main verb. • For example: The boy could not find his socks. • What helping verbs could we replace “could” with to change the tense?

20. Helping Verbs • A sentence may contain up to _______ helping verbs along with the main verb. • Think, pair, share: Think of a sentence using as many helping verbs as you can. Then share with a partner. • For example: • The dog _________________________chasing the cat.

21. Let’s find the helping verbs. • I will watch my little brother. • She was eating an apple. • The elephant must have been sleeping. • I could not have learned this without your help. • Students will always do their homework.

22. Adjectives • What are adjectives? • Adjectives describe (or modify) nouns, pronouns. • Here are some example: • It was a ______________ day. • The girl was very _____________. • My ___________ friends are coming over.

23. Adjectives • Adjectives usually come before the noun or pronouns they are describing. • The pretty girl, The funny boy, The white house, etc. • Sometimes adjectives can be after linking verbs and still describe the subject. • For example: The girl is pretty. • The boy was funny. • The house used to be white.

24. Adjectives • You can use more than one adjective to describe a noun or pronoun. • It was a rainy, dark, and gloomy day. • The house was beautiful and large.

25. Let’s find the adjectives in the following sentences. • The yellow flower was blooming in the large field. • Three students ate juicy hamburgers. • The shoes were dirty. • My candle is glowing. • I love the smell of freshly baked chocolaty cookies.

26. Adverbs • What are adverbs? • Adverbs describe (or modify) verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. • We will look at examples of each.

27. Adverbs describing verbs • Many times, adverbs answer the question of ‘how’ in a sentence. • How was she eating? • She was eating quickly. • How was the question answered? • He answered the question incorrectly. • Notice the adverbs end in the suffix –ly. This is common amongst adverbs, but not for all of them.

28. Adverbs describing adjectives • Adverbs that describe adjectives usually indicate a degree of something. • It was very hot. • It was slightly burned . • It was moderately cold. • Notice the adverbs come after the linking verb and before the adjective they are describing.

29. Adverbs describing other adverbs • Adverbs can also describe other adverbs. • I was trying really hard not to laugh. • Really is describing hard, and hard is describing how you were trying.

30. Something to Remember... • Unlike adjectives, adverbs can come both ________and ________ verbs they are describing! • Let’s find the adverbs... • She was hungrily eating the stew. • The boy yelled loudly across the room. • I am very well today. • The time is quickly approaching.

31. Some words have both adjectives and adverb forms

32. Comparative and Superlative • Most adverbs and adjectives also have a comparative and superlative form.

33. Creating Sentences • Think, pair, share: Consider the following simple forms of the adjectives and adverbs: cold, fun, happily. • Come up with two sentences for each word (one using and comparative and one using a superlative). • You should have six sentences in all.