UNIT III: DISASTER MANAGEMENT

1. UNIT III: DISASTER MANAGEMENT Mrs.Indumathi Lecturer YNC

2. INTRODUCTION Any event that overwhelms existing manpower, facilities, equipment and capabilities of a responding agency or institution

3. DEFENITION • Disaster is any occurrence that causes damage, economic disruption, loss of human life and deterioration of health and health service on a scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area. (WHO)

4. DEFENITION • Disaster management can be defined as the organization and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and recovery in order to lessen the impact of disasters.

5. CLASSIFICATION OF DISASTER • NATURAL • MAN MADE

6. NATURAL DISASTERS

7. EARTH QUAKES

8. TORNADO

9. WHIRLPOOL

10. TSUNAMI

11. FLOODS

14. MAN MADE DISASTERS

15. FIRE OUT BREAK

16. MAN MADE DISASTERS • COMPLEX EMERGENCIES • TECHNOLOGIC INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS FIRE

17. CHARACTERISTIC OF DISASTER • Predictability • Controllability • Speed of Onset • Length of forewarning • Duration of impact • Scope and intensity of impact

18. DISASTER MANAGEMENT

19. Essential elements for disaster management An appropriate infrastructure to support the disaster response, which includes maintaining services for pre-existing communities and patients, as well as the new arrivals. An appropriately trained staff, who are competent to perform their disaster response functional roles. A clearly defined, executable, practiced emergency response plan.

20. Infrastructure • Competency of the staff • The disaster plan • Response

21. Challenges to Disaster Planning • Communication problems. • Triage, transportation, and evaluation problems. • Leadership issues • The management, security of and distribution of resources at the disaster site • Advance warning systems and the effectiveness of warning messages.

22. Coordination of search and rescue efforts. • Media issues. • Effective triage of patients • Distribution of patients to hospitals in an equitable fashion. • Patient identification and tracking. • Damage or destruction of the health care infrastructure.

23. Management of volunteers, donations, and other large numbers of resources. • Organized improvisational response to the disruption of major systems. • Finally, encountering overall resistance to planning efforts.

24. PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT • Prevent the disaster • Minimize the casualties • Prevent further casualties • Rescue the victims • First aid • Evacuate • Medical care • Reconstruction

25. PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT: • Disaster Preparedness • Disaster impact • Disaster Response • Rehabilitation • Disaster Mitigation

27. DISASTERPREPAREDNESS • Preparedness should be in the form of money, manpower and materials • Evaluation from past experiences about risk • Location of disaster prone areas • Organization of communication, information and warning system • Ensuring co-ordination and response mechanisms • Development of public education programme • Co-ordination with media • National & international relations • Keeping stock of foods, drug and other essential commodities

28. DISASTER IMPACT • Search, rescue and first aid • Field care • Triage

29. TRIAGE SYSTEM Triage consists of rapidly classifying the injured on the bases of severity of their injuries and the likelihood of their survival with prompt medical intervention

30. GOLDEN HOUR A seriously injured patient has one hour in which they need to receive Advanced Trauma Life Support. This is referred to as the golden hour

31. IMMEDIATE OR HIGH PRIORITY Higher priority is granted to victims who’s immediate or long term prognosis can be dramatically affected by simple intensive care. • They usually fall into one of two categories. They are in shock from severe blood loss or they have severe head injury

32. DELAYED OR MEDIUM PRIORITY: • Delayed patients may have injuries that span a wide range • They may have severe internal injuries,but are still compensating

33. MINOR OR MINIMAL OR AMBULATORY PATIENTS Patients with minor lacerations, contusions, sprains, superficial burns are identified as “minor/minimal”

34. Colorcode • Red indicate high priority treatment or transfer • Yellow signals medium priority • Greenindicate ambulatory patients • Black indicates dead or moribund patients

35. Tagging: • Name, • Age, place of origin, • Triage category, • Diagnosis and • Initial treatment.

36. Identification of dead: Care of the dead includes: • Removal of the dead from the disaster scene • Shifting to the mortuary • Identification • Reception of bereaved relatives • Proper respect for the dead is of great importance.

37. DISASTER RESPONSE This is carried out under the following phases • RELIEF PHASE • Epidemiologic surveillance and Disease control • Vaccination • Nutrition.

38. Contd….. • REHABILITATION PHASE • Water supply • Food safety • Basic sanitation and personal hygiene • Vector control

39. DISASTER MITIGATION: This involves measures to prevent hazards from causing emergency or lessen the likely effects of emergencies. • These measures include flood mitigation works, appropriate land use planning, and improved building codes.

40. 1) EFFECTS OF MAJOR DISASTER • Deaths • Disability • Increase in communicable disease • Psychological problems • food shortage • Direct environmental risk • Socioeconomic losses • Shortage of drugs and medical supplies.

41. Contd…. 2) COMMON INJURIES ASSOCIATED WITH DISASTERS 3) EMOTIONAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS 4) PROBLEMS IN VECTOR CONTROL 5) FOOD SHORTAGE LEADING TO NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS 6) SHORTAGE OF DRUGS AND MEDICAL SUPPLIES 7) ENVIRONMENTAL DISRUPTION 8) PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTIONS TO A DISASTER

42. ROLE OF THE NURSE IN DISASTER • DISASTER PREPAREDNESS -NURSES ROLE 1) To Facilitate preparation with community 2) To provide updated record of vulnerable populations within community 3) Nurse leads a preparedness effort 4) Nurse should have understanding of community resources 5) Disaster Nurse must be involved in community organization

43. DISASTER RESPONSE – NURSES ROLE • community assessment, case finding and referring, prevention, health education and surveillance • Triage • Nurse work a member of assessment team • To be involved in ongoing surveillance

44. DISASTER RECOVERY – NURSES ROLE • Successful Recovery Preparation • Health teaching • Psychological support • Referrals to hospital as needed • Remain alert for environmental health • Nurse must be attentive to the danger

45. BIBLIOGRAPHY • Disaster nursing, Tener Goodwin Veenema, Springer Publishing company, Newyork. • Suryakantha A.H, “Community Medicine with Recent Advances” 1st Edition, NewDelhi, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Pvt Ltd. 2009; Page 814-818 • Rahim A, “Principles and Practice of community Medicine” 1st Edition, NewDelhi, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 2008, Page 595-600

46. Park K; Text book of preventive and social medicine, 19th ed.Jabalpur, India: BanarsidasBhanot publishers;2007 pg no: 585-595. MaxyRosenay Last 1992, Public health & preventive medicine 13thedn. PAHO 2000 Natural disaster: Protecting the public health scientific paper ,no:575

47. Clement I, “Basic concepts of community Health Nursing”, 2nd Edition, Newdelhi, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 2009, Page 324-335 • Articles from journal- Dr.prakash, Managing mental Health in disaster situation, Health action, November 2007, vol 20, page 4-19 • www.willy.com