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SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY. Which of the Following Is an Example of a Group?. Cheerleaders at a school A high school football team People lined up to vote Women at a baby shower Pedestrians at a crosswalk. Cheerleaders at a School. Football Team. People Lined Up to Vote. Women at a Baby Shower.

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SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

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  1. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

  2. Which of the Following Is an Example of a Group? • Cheerleaders at a school • A high school football team • People lined up to vote • Women at a baby shower • Pedestrians at a crosswalk

  3. Cheerleaders at a School

  4. Football Team

  5. People Lined Up to Vote

  6. Women at a Baby Shower

  7. Pedestrians in a Crosswalk

  8. Primary Groups • Families, couples in love, street gangs, social clubs • Relationships that are face-to-face and personal

  9. Four Features of a Primary Group • Continuous, face-to-face interaction • Strong ties • Multifaceted • Enduring

  10. Secondary Groups • Organized around specific, impersonal goals • Not as much interaction as in primary groups • School classes, political parties, sports teams

  11. Secondary Group Characteristics • Limited face-to-face interaction • Modest or weak personal identity with the group • Weak ties of affection • Limited/shallow relations • Not very enduring

  12. Why Join a Group ? • To satisfy the need to belong • To compare experiences • To use group standards to evaluate ourselves • For companionship • To lessen anxiety and provide comfort • Group accomplishments

  13. A Case Study • How many of the reasons for joining a group exist for the cheerleaders at San Luis Obispo Senior High School in California?

  14. Satisfy Our Need to Belong • “I joined the group so that we can entertain the students. I enjoy belonging to this group.”

  15. Allows Us to Accomplish Things We Could Not Do Alone • “Yes, we all work together and are able to impress the people we perform for.”

  16. Use Group Standards for Evaluation • “Yes, definitely, to see how others are like me.”

  17. Companionship • “We are like a family, a good team. I have a great deal of friends on the cheer and dance team and I made a lot of new friends. It’s a big plus when you get along with everyone.”

  18. ComparingOurselves To Others • “I had been dancing and performing my whole life and I wanted to see where I stood in a performing group.”

  19. Peer Groups • A group of friends or associates of about the same age and social position • Form cliques, clubs, gangs

  20. Reference Groups • A group that serves as a standard for evaluating one’s achievement, behavior, or values

  21. Group Dynamics • The impact of group size • The dyad, or two-person group • The triad • Multiples (division of labor)

  22. The Triad

  23. Leadership • Groups need leaders for two reasons 1. To direct tasks 2. Maintain good spirits • Groupthink

  24. Groupthink • Emphasizes group decisions in large organizations • People working together will make better decisions than an individual

  25. When Does Groupthink Occur? • When group members are unable to evaluate other available options • Inability to comprehend negative consequences

  26. Conditions for Groupthink • The group is isolated from the outside • There are time limits • Not having an impartial leader

  27. Examples of Groupthink • Pearl Harbor and FDR • JFK’S invasion of Cuba • Nixon’s Watergate fiasco • Waco, Texas standoff

  28. Pearl Harbor: December 7, 1941 • U.S. leaders decide not to take special measures to defend Pearl Harbor, making it an easy target for the Japanese • “A date which will live in infamy”

  29. The Bay of Pigs Invasion • An inheritance from Ike • The invasion plan • JFK’s response

  30. Watergate: June 1972 • Bungled burglary • CREEP • 29 people indicted or arrested

  31. “I Am Not a Crook”

  32. Waco, Texas: 1993 • Standoff between federal agents and David Koresh • The Attorney General had waited long enough

  33. In-groups • A group with which a person identifies and feels that he or she belongs • A “greedy group”

  34. Characteristics of In-groups • 1. Sacrifice • 2. Investment • 3. Renunciation • 4. Communication • 5. Mortification • 6. Transcendence

  35. Out-groups • A group with which a person does not identify and does not feel that he or she belongs to

  36. Gangs

  37. Types Of Gangs • Social gangs • Delinquent gangs • Violent gangs

  38. Gang Locations • L.A. is the gang capital of America • Chicago, Seattle, Kansas City • Importance of drugs

  39. Public Housing Projects • A breeding ground for gangs • Family structure • “Trophies” / “graveyards”

  40. Ethnic/Gender Breakdowns • In the 1950s, gang members tended to be white males • Today four-fifths of gang members are African-American or Latino • Women have now entered the ranks as well

  41. History of Gangs • Born out of the chaos of inner city life (“Zoot Suit riots”) • Gangs offer ultimate control • Black gangs arose after the Watts riots in 1965

  42. Gang Divisions • Gang divisions are called “sets” • There are variations even within each set • Gangs and colors

  43. Hand Symbols • Hand signals are used as defiant gestures toward other gangs • Each gang has their own hand signals

  44. Gangbanging • Los Vatos Locos/Latino gang of the 1970s • Drugs of the 70’s/PCP

  45. Going “Loc” • The Boo-Yah Tribe • Sawed-off shotguns • New drugs: speed, crack-laced joints

  46. Levels of Membership

  47. Why Join a Gang? • Power • Identity • A surrogate family • Security

  48. Women in Gangs • Makeup • The raccoon look • Tattoos • Clothes • Pregnancy

  49. Gang Members in Prison • When someone goes to prison in California, they get put into a “car” • A gang member’s “ride” in prison

  50. Self-Help Groups

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