Definitions

1. Definitions

2. Definition • conceptbeing defined • classto which the specific concept belongs • Characteristicsmake concept different from other members in that class

3. A library is a building that keeps literary and artistic materials such as books, periodicals, newspapers, and tapes for reading, reference, or lending. • Concept: library • Class: a building • Characteristics: that keeps literary and artistic materials such as books, periodicals, newspapers, and tapes for reading, reference, or lending

4. A definition always needs to expand on the answer the question What is a(n) …? A library keeps literary and artistic materials such as books, periodicals, newspapers, and tapes for reading, reference, or lending. ? What is a library?  ????

5. Generalization Description Definition • Concept • Characteristics • Theme or • subject • Verifiable • information • about it • Cocept • Class • Characteristics A skyscraper is very tall. A skyscraper measures at least 85 meters. A skyscraper is a building that measures at least 85 meters tall.

6. Expressing defining characteristics for the class

7. Defining Characteristics Prepositional Phrases that Clause Wh clause Gerund clause Participle clause the person at school … theperson that studies at a school … the person who studies at a school … the person receiving classes at a school … the person graduated from a school … Class +

8. Expressing defining characteristics for the class • Elements are chemical substances that cannot be broken down into anything simpler by chemical means. • A catalyst is a substance which accelerates a chemical reaction. • A neutron is a particle having the same mass as a proton but carrying no electrical charge. • A trace is a substance used to follow a chemical reaction or a physical process. • Cracking is the process by which large molecules are broken down into smaller ones by means of high temperatures.

9. “of–for” Librarianship is the science of books. Librarianship is the book science. A liaison librarian is a professional of information. A liaison librarian is an information professional. Dewey is a method for book classification. Dewey is a book classification method. Vague and sometimes confusing

10. Class Concept Charact. Types of Definitions

11. Parasitology may be defined as the branch of biology which deals with the nature of parasitism and its effects on both the parasite and the host. Broadly defined, a parasite is an organism which lives for all or part of its life on or in another organism from which it derives some benefit, such as food, shelter or protection. Organisms living on the host areknown as ectoparasites; those living within the host organism are called endoparasites.

12. Parasitology may be defined as the branch of biology that deals with the nature of parasitism and its effects on both the parasite and the host. Concept Class Parasitology branch of biology Characteristics deals with:  parasites the nature of parasitism the effect of parasitism on parasite and host Concept = class + characteristic

13. Organisms living on the host are known as ectoparasites. Concept Class Ectoparasites organisms Characteristics living on the host class + characteristic = Concept

14. concept is is defined as may be defined as class + characteristics Concept Class branch of biology Parasitology Real definition specifies the nature of a concept Markers used to express a real definition: Characteristics deals with:  parasites  the nature of parasitism  the effect of parasitism on parasite and host

15. class + characteristics is known as Is called concept Nominal definition states the nature of the concept and then identifies it Markers used to express a real definition: Markers used to express a nominal definition: Concept Class Ectoparasites organisms Characteristics living on the host

16. Expanding Definitions • Etymologically Medicineisthescience of diagnosing, treating, or preventing disease. The term comes fromtheLatinmedicina, which comes frommedicus (physician), which comes frommedeor (toheal). Therootmad- or med- occurs in severallanguages: middlePersianmadha (medical science, wisdom); Sanscritmedha (intelligence, wisdom); ancient Greekmedos (advice), medomai (tothinkabout).

17. Bynegation Healthis not only the absence of physical or mental disease affecting a person. It is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being  By exemplification Corn flakes are packaged corn-based food usually taken for breakfast. Corn flakes are packaged corn-based such as Wheaties, Cheerios, and Krispiesusually taken for breakfast.

18. Byrhetorical patterns A telescope is an instrument used to magnify distant objects. It has two essential parts: the objective, which collects light from the distant object and forms a real image and the eye-piece, which forms a magnified image of this reflection.

19. Defining Elasticity of Demand and Supply The elastic used in clothes extends and contracts under the influence of forces to it. Demand and supply similarly extend and contract under the influence of such forces as changes in prices . It is often useful to know the degree of extension or contraction that will follow a given price change. For instance, a finance minister who is about to impose a tax of 10 per cent on some commodity with a view to raising revenue would like to know in advance the probable contraction in demand that this new tax will inevitably cause. Follwing this example, we can define Price elasticity of demand and supply as the responsiveness to change in price. Analogy Generalization Example Definition