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Information Technology Concepts & Issues: A Comprehensive Overview

This chapter provides an in-depth exploration of information technology concepts, classifications, organizational structures, functional areas, support systems, e-commerce, strategic systems, system architecture, information infrastructure, and the role of the chief information officer. It also discusses important issues such as end-user concerns, IT department challenges, company-related issues, societal impacts, and the role of the chief information officer.

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Information Technology Concepts & Issues: A Comprehensive Overview

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  1. Chapter 2 Information Technology Concepts & Issues

  2. Agenda • Concepts • Issues • Chief information officer

  3. Concepts • Data • Database • Application program • Information • Knowledge • Knowledge workers • Data workers • Legacy system

  4. Concepts • Classifications • Infrastructure & architecture

  5. Classifications • By organizational structure • By functional area • By support provided • By activity supported • By system architecture

  6. By Organization Structure • Department information systems • LAN • Enterprise information systems • Intranet • Interorganizational systems • Extranet

  7. By Functional Area • Accounting information system • Finance information system • Manufacturing information system • Marketing information system • Human resources management information system

  8. By Support Provided • Transaction processing system (TPS) • Management information system (MIS) • Office automation system (OAS) • Decision support system (DSS) • Executive information or support system (EIS) • Group support system (GSS) • Intelligent support system • Expert system (ES) • Artificial neural network (ANN) • E-Commerce

  9. E-Commerce • Electronic store front • Electronic advertisement media • Electronic catalog • Electronic bulletin board • Electronic information source • Electronic transaction method • Electronic entertainment center

  10. By Activity Supported • Operational systems • Routine operations • TPS, MIS, & simple DDS • Managerial systems or tactical systems • Routine decisions • Short-term planning, organizing, & control • MIS for summaries, exception reports, periodic and ad hoc reports, comparative analysis, projections, connection

  11. By Activity Supported • Strategic Systems • Long-range planning • Strategic response systems • Innovative strategic systems

  12. By System Architecture • Mainframe-based • Standalone personal computer • Distributed or networked computing

  13. Information Infrastructure • Physical facilities, services, & management to support information needs in an organization • Components • Hardware • Software • Network • Database • Procedure • People

  14. Information Architecture • High-level map or plan of the information requirements in an organization • Types • Mainframe • PC • Distributed • Client/server

  15. Agenda • Concepts • Issues • Chief information officer

  16. Issues • End-user • IT dept • Company • Society

  17. End-user Issues • Computer literacy • What is it? • Costs • How to deliver? • Changing content

  18. End-user Issues • User development • How much? • Power/control/misuse • Work environment • Ergonomics • Humanization • Human factor

  19. IT Department Issues • Centralized or decentralized • Interconnectivity • Alignment of IT dept. goals with organization • IT organization level • Exponential growth of technology

  20. IT Department Issues • IT leveraging • Technology scouting • Technology transfer • Scouting technology future • Predicting trends • Mapping technology to organization • Demonstrating how it could be used • Implementing sold technology

  21. Company IT Issues • Strategic role of IT • Top-down planning • Computer crime/ security • Reengineering with IT • Business value of IT • Productivity • Change management • Flexibility for future

  22. Societal Issues • Ethic • Privacy • Unemployment/displacement

  23. Agenda • Concepts • Issues • Chief information officer

  24. Chief Information Officer • VP for IT services • Understands business & technology • Looks to future • Technology transfer • Creates & sells IT vision • Implements IT infrastructure

  25. Points to Remember • Concepts • Issues • Chief information officer

  26. Discussion Questions • What are the different types of IS in your organization? • Do you think that your organization need extra IS? Name it. • What are the responsibilities of the chief information officer in your organization if you have one?

  27. Assignment • Review technology guides 1-2, chapters 1- 2 • Read chapter 3 • Group assignment • Research paper

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