England and its colonies

1. England and its colonies Chapter 3 in The Americans

2. Journal: • If you were leaving England for North America, which colony would you go to and why?

3. Mercantilism • England’s economic goal • Acquire gold and silver • Export more than import (sell more than buy) = favorable balance of trade • England needed its colonies to achieve this goal

4. Economic Activities in the Colonies • New England Colonies: • Shipbuilding, shipping, fishing, lumber, rum, meat, livestock, foodstuffs, iron, snuff • Middle Colonies: • Furs, wheat, glass, shoes, livestock, shipping, shipbuilding, flax, copper, beer, rum • Southern Colonies: • Tobacco, wheat, cattle, iron, snuff, Naval supplies, furs, rice, indigo, silk, lumber

5. English Politics Hurt Colonial Trade • Parliament: England’s legislature (makes England’s laws) • Navigation Acts: passed because colonists were selling these products to other countries and England wasn’t making money off of them • No country could trade with the colonies unless the goods were shipped either in colonial or British ships • All vessels had to be operated by crews that were at least ¾ English or colonists • The colonies could export certain products ONLY to England • Almost all goods traded between the colonies and Europe had to pass through an English port • Many colonists (esp. in MA) did not approve of the Navigation Acts because they made colonial trade more difficult and less profitable.

6. Dominion of New England • James II came to power and united Maine-New Jersey (called Dom. Of NE) • Sir Edmond Andros: Strict English ruler who was sent to DNE • The colonists sent Increase Mather as a representative to England to get Andros repealed but the Glorious Revolution happened while he was there

7. Glorious Revolution • James II: • Colonists hated him because of the Navigation Acts (and bc of his father and grandfather) • British people hated him because he was a strict Roman Catholic and didn’t support Anglicanism or strong Parliamentary Rights - he was a tyrant • He had a son and everyone feared a long line of kings like him • The British people invite William of Orange and his wife Mary to challenge James II for the throne • James fled before they even arrived in England • This was called the Glorious Revolution because there was no fighting

8. The End of the Dominion of New England • After the Glorious Revolution, MA Colonists arrested Andros and his counselors • William and Mary Abolished the Dominion of New England • William and Mary forced MA to be more religiously tolerant but left their trade alone • This was the beginning of a time of salutary neglect – England did not interfere in the economic activity of the colonies