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MSc in Economics of Science & Innovation Innovation & Challenges: Nanotechnology & Space (6d)

MSc in Economics of Science & Innovation Innovation & Challenges: Nanotechnology & Space (6d). Science. Jordi Isern Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (CSIC-IEEC). Basic Science : Solar System. The Moon. The geologic history of the Earth and of the origin of the Solar

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MSc in Economics of Science & Innovation Innovation & Challenges: Nanotechnology & Space (6d)

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  1. MSc in Economics of Science & Innovation Innovation & Challenges:Nanotechnology & Space(6d) Science Jordi Isern Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (CSIC-IEEC)

  2. Basic Science: Solar System

  3. The Moon • The geologic history of the Earth and of the origin of the Solar • System have been improved by the analysis of 381 kg of lunar samples (rocks) brought to Earth during the Apollo missions.

  4. Greenhouse Effect The study of the extrem greenhouse effect in Venus (discovered in the 1960’s) has raised warnings on the risks of global warming on Earth And the nuclear winter Venus (Magellan probe)

  5. Climatic change • It is believed that planet Mars was once • much more Earth-like • (with rivers, lakes, and probably, • oceans of liquid water) • What happened to Mars • to make it the cold, dry world • we see today? • Could something similar happen • someday to Earth? Mars (Viking probe)

  6. (Ice) Water on Mars

  7. Terraformation of Mart Injection of greenhouse gases Injecton energy with mirrors

  8. Search for extraterrestrial life Europa (Galileo probe) The search for planets in the Solar System where life could have developed has led to discovery of life in extreme terrestrial environments.

  9. Education

  10. Space-themed activities help to inspire many students to study math and science, taking advantage of the interest generated by the Cosmos and its mysteries… Our Society cannot afford the risks of living in the dark side, ignoring the scientific/technological progress. We must guarantee the generational take over!

  11. Future? * and many discoveries we cannot even dream of! * defense against extraterrestrial menaces (meteorites) * colonization of other worlds: to preserve the human race

  12. For over 30 years ESA's space science projects have shown the scientific benefits of multi-nation cooperation. Space Science Areas covered by ESA: • Space environment of the Earth • Solar-terrestrial interaction • Interplanetary medium • Moon, planets and other objects • Stars and the universe • Fundamental Physics.

  13. The first science spacecraft Between 1968 and 1983 some 13 European spacecraft were launched on scientific missions to study a vast array of disciplines: • Cosmic rays and solar X-rays (ESRO 1B & 2B) - 1 Oct 1969 and 17 May 1968 • Ionosphere and aurora (ESRO 1A) - 3 Oct 1968 • Solar wind (HEOS-1) - 5 Dec 1968 • Polar magnetosphere (HEOS-2) - 31 Jan 1972 • UV astronomy (TD-1) - 11 March 1972 • Ionosphere and solar particles (ESRO-4) - Nov 1972 • Gamma ray astronomy (COS-B) - 9 Aug 1975 • Magnetosphere (GEOS-1 & 2) - 20 Aug 1977 and 14 Jul 1978 • Magnetosphere and sun-Earth relations (ISEE-2) - 23 Oct 1977 • Ultraviolet astronomy (IUE) - 26 Jan 1978 • Cosmic x-rays (Exosat) - 26 May 1983 10/2004 - 22

  14. EXOSAT IUE/INES The first science spacecraft Between 1968 and 1983 some 13 European spacecraft were launched on scientific missions to study a vast array of disciplines: COS B • ESRO 1B - Cosmic rays and solar X-rays - 1 Oct 1969 • ESRO 2B - Cosmic rays and solar X-rays - 17 May 1968 • ESRO 1A - Ionosphere and aurora - 3 Oct 1968 • HEOS-1 - Solar wind - 5 Dec 1968 • HEOS-2 - Polar magnetosphere - 31 Jan 1972 • TD-1 - UV astronomy - 11 March 1972 • ESRO-4 - Ionosphere and solar particles - Nov 1972 • COS-B - Gamma ray astronomy - 9 Aug 1975 • GEOS-1 - Magnetosphere - 20 Aug 1977 • GEOS-2 - Magnetosphere - 14 Jul 1978 • ISEE-2 - Magnetosphere and Sun-Earth relations - 23 Oct 1977 • IUE - Ultraviolet astronomy - 26 Jan 1978 • EXOSAT - Cosmic x-rays - 26 May 1983

  15. GIOTTO/ HALLEY ISO HIPPARCOS Science missions over past years The ESA Giotto probe (launched in 1985) became the first spacecraft ever to meet two comets: • Comet Halley, 1986 • Comet Grigg-Skjellerup, 1992. The Hipparcos satellite collected data on the positions and movements of a million stars between 1989 (when it was launched) and 1993. The catalogues were published in 1997. The Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) was launched in 1995 and concluded its operation in 1998, giving the first detailed view and spectra of infrared celestial objects.

  16. First image of Titan’s surface ESA science missions currently contributing to our understanding of the universe: Science missions of today • Ulysses (1990-...) - (with NASA) heliospheric studies • Hubble Space Telescope (1990-...) - (with NASA) space observatory • Soho (1995-...) - (with NASA) - Sun-Earth environment • Cassini - Huygens (1997-2005-...) probe to Saturn and Titan • Newton (XMM) (1999-...) - Multi Mirror mission • Cluster 2 (2000-...) study of the Earth’s magnetosphere • Integral (2002-...) Internationnal Gamma-Ray Laboratory • Mars Express (2003-...) mission to planet Mars • SMART-1 (2003-2006) mission to the Moon • Rosetta (2004-...) mission to comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko • Venus Express (2005-...) mission to planet Venus.

  17. Cluster 2 Hubble Cassini / Huygens Ulysses Newton (XMM) Soho

  18. XMM preparation at ESA/ESTEC’s Facilities Science undertook a complete reassessment of the programme in May 2002. The new plan contains the following missions, listed by production groups: Cosmic Vision Astrophysics. • Group 1: XMM-Newton (launched in December 1999), INTEGRAL (launched in October 2002). X- and Gamma-ray Observatories (studying the 'violent' Universe). • Group 2: Herschel, exploring the infrared and microwave Universe; Planck, to study the cosmic microwave background, (2007). • Group 3: Gaia, the ultimate galaxy mapper (to be launched no later than 2012). Missions will follow in the same group after 2012. • ESA will be cooperating with NASA on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), taking over from the Hubble Space Telescope and due for launch in 2010.

  19. Herschel Newton (XMM) Planck Integral Cosmic Vision

  20. Electric engine of SMART-1 Solar system science. • Group 1: Rosetta, a trip to a comet (2 March 2004); Mars Express, a Mars orbiter (2 June 2003); Venus Express, a Venus orbiter (9 Nov 2005). • Group 2: SMART-1, which demonstrated solar-electric propulsion technology while on its way to the Moon (2 Sept 2003 to 3 Sept 2006); BepiColombo, a mission to Mercury and Solar Orbiter, a mission to take a closer look at the Sun (missions to be launched in 2011-2012). Fundamental physics missions. • SMART-2 / Lisa - Pathfinder, a technology demonstration mission (2008) for LISA, a joint mission with NASA, searching for gravitational waves (2011). Cosmic Vision

  21. Venus Express Rosetta Mars Express Cosmic Vision

  22. Cosmic Vision

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