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Paraphrase

Paraphrase. Paraphrasing is…. your own rendition of essential information and ideas expressed by someone else, presented in a new form. one legitimate way (when accompanied by accurate documentation) to borrow from a source.

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Paraphrase

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  1. Paraphrase

  2. Paraphrasing is… • your own rendition of essential information and ideas expressed by someone else, presented in a new form. • one legitimate way (when accompanied by accurate documentation) to borrow from a source. • a more detailed restatement than a summary, which focuses concisely on a single main idea.

  3. Paraphrase • Purpose • To make the material easier to understand but also keep the “feel” of the original source • Credit original source with in-text citation • Author’s name (or first piece of information for Work’s Cited listing) • Page number (if available)

  4. To Properly Paraphrase… • Preview the text • Skim the chapter for visual and verbal queus • Visual queus (used for important concepts and terms) • Bold, italics, underlining • Boxed information • Graphs and illustrations • Different font sizes and styles (headlines and titles) • Lists (bullets and numbers)

  5. Previewing Cont. • Verbal queues • Key words • Transitional words and flags (most importantly, similarly, first, overall)—signal change or emphasis in focus • Names of people and concepts

  6. Reading • Active reading • Highlighting text • Annotating in margins of text • Outlining on separate paper • Minimize taking notes verbatim from the original Helps identify most important information

  7. Paraphrase Writing • Restate original text in your own words • Follow emphasis and order of points that original uses • Don’t necessarily need specific examples—pull out the message of the example • Almost as long as the original writing

  8. Remember… Paraphrases and summaries should not include your opinion of the ideas or information not covered in the original text!!!!

  9. Remember… • Use your own words • If use unique words, phraseology of the text, put in quotes • Generally, leave out specific examples • Instead, paraphrase by stating the essence of the example

  10. Using Your Own Words Original Paraphrase • Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47. • In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47).

  11. Don’t Plagiarize Original Plagiarized Adaptation • Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47. • Students often use too many direct quotations when they take notes, resulting in too many of them in the final research paper. In fact, probably only about 10% of the final copy should consist of directly quoted material. So it is important to limit the amount of source material copied while taking notes.

  12. Steps to Writing an Effective Paraphrase for Research Papers • Read the original passage until you understand its full meaning. • Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card. • Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material. At the top of the note card, write a key word or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase. *From the Purdue OWL, http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/619/01/

  13. Steps to Paraphrasing (cont.) • Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form. • Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source. • Record the source (including the page) on your note card so that you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper. *From the Purdue OWL, http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/619/01/

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