Intro to Analysis

1. Intro to Analysis Professor Allison Rossett updated James Marshall, Fall 2005 619.594.6088arossett@mail.sdsu.eduwww.josseybass.com/rossett.html

2. Training centerRespondInstructor dominatedTeaching & learningBureaucratic control Distributed & desktopAnticipate & consultLearner centeredResultsOn demand Our New World

3. “Training will have to be very efficient, increasingly more individualized, and on demand, embedded in the system that employees use to perform their work." Training 2000 Internal Revenue Service

4. Practice You are a training manager (with a performance perspective, natch) for a large, BIG 5 accounting firm. You want your consultants, 11,500 of them, to be more savvy about an emergent area: security and encryption. Oh, not all need to be EXPERTS. But they need to know enough to talk intelligently, to ask questions, to find the right experts. First, get with 4 or 5 classmates and visit this web site. Take 5 minutes to get a feel for the site and content. Next, use your readings in FTF, Gilbert, and the FTF web site to respond to the practice that follows.

5. Practice “Thanks for stopping by. Here’s the story.We’re taking a beating on this security and encryption thing.Frankly, I think our consultants haven’t a clue, but I’m not sure.I want them to get skilled up on it, learn all about it, you know.Somebody told me about this online program from NCSU and I thought maybe we’d put them all through it. What do you think?”

6. Practice:What questions would you ask the sponsor? • ? • ? • ? • ? • ?

7. “You cannot solve a problem if you are thinking at the same level you were when you created the problem.” Albert Einstein How does analysis help you look at things with fresh eyes?

8. Analysis--the basics • Substance & politics • Iterative: two flavors of analysis: performance analysis & needs assessment • Focused on THREE kinds of information

9. Three kinds of information

10. Finding the gaps • Optimals — Actuals = Gaps

11. 4 kinds of causes or drivers Problems with people 1. Skills and knowledge • They don’t know how to do it • They’ve forgotten • There’s too much to know and it’s volatile

12. 4 kinds of causes or drivers Problems with people 2. Motivation • They don’t know why to do it • They don’t care • They don’t believe they can value x confidence = motivation

13. 4 kinds of causes or drivers Problems with the Organizational Culture 3. Environment • They don’t have the “right” tools, equipment, time, policies, physical space or processes.

14. 4 kinds of causes or drivers Problems with the Organizational Culture 4. Incentives • They aren’t asked to do so. • Doing it results in a hassle. • Doing it is ignored. • Not doing it is rewarded.

15. Examples of drivers at work • Teachers leave their computers in the closet because they don’t know how to use them. Service reps fail to provide information-- can’t remember regs. • Some don’t see the value of the new software; the old works just fine! Engineers doubt they can be ‘digital.’ • The on line help system is complex, difficult to use, and not a good match for functional challenges. Orders must be reentered into the system three times prior to filling. • Supervisors regularly give more jobs, and more difficult jobs, to the people who produce the most. 1. Skills & knowledge 2. Motivation 3. Environment 4. Incentives

16. Practice: drivers in your work? 1. Skills & knowledge 2. Motivation 3. Environment 4. Incentives

17. Causes define solutions Lack of skill or knowledge People don’t because they don’t know how, or they’ve forgotten, or there’s just too much to know. • Education/training • Information support (job aids) • Documentation • Knowledge management • Coaching and mentoring • Selection of people who already know how Solutions

18. Causes define solutions • Weak or absent motivation People don’t because they don’t care or they don’t believe they can. • Education/training • Information support (job aids) • Documentation • Knowledge management • Coaching, mentoring • Participatory goal setting • Selection of people who want to do it Solutions

19. Causes define solutions • Ineffective environment People don’t because processes or jobs are poorly designed, or necessary tools or memory are unavailable or... • Re-engineered processes • New or improved tools or technologies or work spaces • New policies • Job design or redesign • Job enrichment • Poka-yoke http://www.campbell.berry.edu/faculty/jgrout/everyday.html Solutions

20. Causes define solutions • Ineffective or absent incentives People don’t because doing it isn’t recognized, doing it is a hassle, or not doing it is ignored. • Improved appraisal/recognition programs • Management development • New policies • Participatory programs, like quality circles Solutions

21. How to do it:PA vs TNA

22. How to do it:PA vs TNA

23. PA------>TNA Optimals Oughts Revised Course Job Aids EPSS Actuals Is Courses T&D TNA’s CBT/WBT Gap Analysis Solution System Recommendation Causes Drivers Solution Partners Cause Analysis

24. A quickie tour of analyses associated with performance analysis Seehttp://edweb.sdsu.edu/courses/EDTEC540/Syllabus/Buffy/buffy_part2.html

25. A quickie tour of analyses associated with training needs assessment Seehttp://edweb.sdsu.edu/courses/EDTEC540/Syllabus/Buffy/buffy_part2.html

26. “For every complex problem there is a simple solution which is, inevitably, wrong.” H. L. Mencken