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The Passive

The Passive. What is it?. Contrast the active… Pedro come las manzanas Juan pegó a la chica With the passive… Las manzanas fueron comidas por Pedro La chica fue pegada por Juan The passive allows the object to become the subject of the sentence. The subject becomes the ‘agent’.

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The Passive

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  1. The Passive

  2. What is it? Contrast the active… Pedro come las manzanas Juan pegó a la chica With the passive… Las manzanas fueron comidas por Pedro La chica fue pegada por Juan • The passive allows the object to become the subject of the sentence. • The subject becomes the ‘agent’

  3. Cómo se forma? In Spanish the passive is formed: ser + the past participle + por (by) La casa fue construida por Gaudí • Note the past participle must agree with the object. • The passive describes the action taking place. • You use “por” to show who is doing the action (the agent) • Ser is used for the action, estar for the resulting state Contrast La puerta fue abierta por el profesor (action)La puerta está abierta (resultant state) Esa mujer fue casada por el cura (action) Esa mujer está casada con mi amigo (resultant state)

  4. Te toca… The Quijote was written in 1615 by Cervantes • El Quijote fue escrito en 1615 por Cervantes My wallet was stolen by some thieves • Mi cartera fue robada por unos ladrones I was given 10 pounds by my parents • Fui dado 10 libras por mis padres Apples are sold here • Las manzanas son vendidas aquí She was hit by a brick • Fue pegada por un ladrillo

  5. Avoiding the passive In Spanish the passive is not used as often as in English, especially in spoken Spanish and when the agent is not included. You should try and avoid using it where possible. English is spoken here. Passive  El inglés es hablado aquí Avoided Se habla inglés aquí

  6. Ways of avoiding it There are two simple ways of avoiding the passive. • Using verb with se • Using the 3rd person construction

  7. Se + verb Make the verb reflexive… (Only if no por) Se venden libros en esta tienda Se trata la tos con jarabe Se hablan castellano y catalán en BCN Se compran las entradas en la taquilla Se dice que la película es muy entretenida Se han visto muchos cambios en España Note how it agrees

  8. Te toca Apples are sold here • Se venden manzanas aquí The houses were built in 1600 • Se construyeron las casas en 1600 Politics and religion are not discussed at my house • No se discuten la política ni la religión en mi casa Gold is sold here • Se vende el oro aquí

  9. 3rd person plural construction The simplest way of avoiding the passive is to make the sentence active with the third person plural. El hombre fue visto en la calle • Vieron el hombre en la calle La casa fue construida en 1900  Construyeron la casa en 1900

  10. Te toca I was given five pounds (They gave me five pounds) • Me dieron cinco libras The shop was closed at 9 (They closed the shop at 9) • Cerraron la tienda a las nueve I’ve been told that (They have told me that) • Me han dicho que Bob was arrested (They arrested Bob) • Detuvieron a Bob

  11. I was sent a package Me enviaron un paquete I was paid 1,000 pounds in March Me pagaron 1.000 libras en marzo John was robbed in the street Robaron a Juan en la calle

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