Child Development

1. Child Development Unit 1 The Study of Children

2. 1.1 Match terms related to the study of children the period of great growth and change between childhood and adulthood 1. adolescence - 2. child development - 3. emotional development - 4. environment - 5. Freud, Sigmund - 6. heredity - 7. individual life cycle - the study of how children grow and change physically, intellectually, emotionally, socially and morally a developmental process that refers to the ability to experience, express, and control emotions a person’s surroundings and everything in them, including both human and non-human factors Austrian psychiatrist whose theory states that a person's early emotional experiences affect adult life profoundly the sum of all the qualities a person inherits from his or her parents at birth. a series of stages a person passes through during his or her lifetime.

3. unit 1 terms continued period of childhood from birth up to one year a developmental process that refers to the growth of the brain and the use of mental skills 8. infancy - 9. intellectual development - 10. Montessori, Maria – 11. Montessori School- 12. moral development – 13. observation – Italian educator whose theory states childrenlearn best through their senses pursuing their own interests at their own rate a school providing children freedom within limits by a rather structured approach, and a fixed method in which materials are presented developmental process that refers to the ability to know right from wrong an act of recognizing and recording behavior.

4. unit 1 terms continued a developmental process that refers to the physical growth of a person’s body 14. physical development – 15. Piaget, Jean- 16. preschooler- 17. school age- 18. social development- 19. theory- 20. toddler- the first to study children in a scientific way; he said that children go through four stages of thinking and should be given learning tasks suitable for each stage period of childhood from three to five years of age a child old enough to attend school. Ages 5-12. a developmental process that refers to the way people relate to others around them a scientifically acceptable principle followed as the basis of action period of childhood from one to three years of age

5. 1.2 State characteristics of development • Development is similar for everyone. Children go throughthe same stages in the same order. • Development builds on earlier learning. Development follows a step-by-step pattern. • Development proceeds at an individual rate The rate of growth differs from one child to another. • The different areas of development are interrelated. Changes in many areas are taking place at the same time. • Development is continuous throughout life. The rate of development changes, but never stops.

6. 1.3 Name reasons for studying child development 1. to understand children 2. to gain skills 3. to build for the future 4. to understand yourself

7. 1.4 Identify 5 basic areas of child development • emotional development (a developmental process that refers to the ability to experience, express, and control emotions) • intellectual development (a developmental process that refers to the growth of the brain and the use of mental skills) • moral development (developmental process that refers to the ability to know right from wrong) • physical development (a developmental process that refers to the physical growth of a person’s body) • social development (a developmental process that refers to the way people relate to others around them)

8. 1.5 Match stages in the individual life cycle with the correct age range • infant - birth to one year • toddler - 1 to 3 years • preschooler - 3 to 5 years • school age - 5 to 12 years • adolescence -childhood to adulthood

9. 1.6 Describe influences of heredity and environment • Heredity is the sum of all the qualities a person inherits from his or her parents at birth. • eye color and shape • hair and skin color • height and bone structure • gender – xx girl or xy boy • Environment includes a person’s surroundings and everything in them, including both human and non-human factors. • family and friends • home and community • life experiences

10. 1.7 Designate guidelines for observing children 1. blend into the background 2. don’t ask questions 3. record facts, not feelings 4. take action if necessary

11. 1.8 Describe theories related to child development Sigmund Freud - Austrian psychiatrist whose theory states that a person's early emotional experiences affect adult life profoundly Id is the source of psychological and physical tension that does not think or reason. Ego is the part of the personality that deals with logic and controlled behavior. Superego is a persons moral code. 1856-1939

12. Maria Montessori - Italian educator whose theory states children learn best thought their senses pursuing their own interests at their own rate Responsible for the development of the Montessori School. (a school providing children freedom within limits by a rather structured approach, and a fixed method in which materials are presented) 1870-1952

13. Jean Piaget - the first to study children in a scientific way; he said that children go thought four stages of thinking and should be given learning tasks suitable for each stage • Sensorimotor Stage-children learn about the world through their senses and body movement • Preoperational Stage-children learn mostly by using language and mental images • Concrete Operational-children learn to solve more complex problems and use basic knowledge • Formal Operational-the ability to think through complex problems 1896-1980

14. Erik Erickson-studied social and emotional development over the lifespan Stage I Trust vs. Mistrust Stage II Autonomy (independence) vs. Shame Stage III Initiative (ambition) vs. Guilt Stage IV Industry (capacity to make a productive effort) vs. Inferiority Stage V Identity vs. Role Confusion (not seeing self as worthy) Stage VI Intimacy (special closeness to people) vs. Isolation Stage VII Generativity (concern for future generations) vs. Stagnation Stage VIII Integrity (sense of satisfaction) vs. Despair 1902-1994

15. Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow devised a system for studying human needs 1908-1970 Self- Actualization personal potential self-fulfillment personal growth Esteem self-esteem, achievement, independence, status, prestige, Love and Acceptance family, affection, relationships Safety and Security security, order, law, limits Physical air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sleep, etc

16. Lawrence Kohlberg studied moral development and divided it into 3 stages: preconventional level children behave in a way to avoid punishment or gain rewards conventional level child’s decisions are shaped by approval or disapproval and do not have to be punished to stop their behavior postconventional level Behaviors are based on abstract principles of right and wrong 1927-1987

17. References textbook-Parents and Their Children

18. 1.1 Match terms related to the study of children 1. adolescence - the period of great growth and change between childhood and adulthood 2. child development - the study of how children grow and change physically, intellectually, emotionally, socially and morally 3. emotional development - a developmental process that refers to the ability to experience, express, and control emotions 4. environment - a person’s surroundings and everything in them, including both human and non-human factors 5. Freud, Sigmund - Austrian psychiatrist whose theory states that a person's early emotional experiences affect adult life profoundly 6. heredity - the sum of all the qualities a person inherits from his or her parents at birth. 7. individual life cycle - a series of stages a person passes through during his or her lifetime. They are: Infancy, Toddler, Preschool, School Age, and Adolescent. 8. infancy - period of childhood from birth up to one year 9. intellectual development - a developmental process that refers to the growth of the brain and the use of mental skills 10. Montessori, Maria - Italian educator whose theory states children learn best through their senses pursuing their own interests at their own rate

19. 11. Montessori School - a school providing children freedom within limits by a rather structured approach, and a fixed method in which materials are presented 12. moral development - developmental process that refers to the ability to know right from wrong 13. observation - an act of recognizing and recording behavior. 14. physical development - a developmental process that refers to the physical growth of a person’s body. This growth affects height, weight, and internal body systems. 15. Piaget, Jean - the first to study children in a scientific way; he said that children go through four stages of thinking and should be given learning tasks suitable for each stage 16. preschooler - period of childhood from three to five years of age. 17. school age - a child old enough to attend school. Ages 5-12. 18. social development - a developmental process that refers to the way people relate to others around them 19. theory - a scientifically acceptable principle followed as the basis of action 20. toddler - period of childhood from one to three years of age hair and skin color height and bone structure gender (XX girl, XY boy)