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Work in the 21 st Century: An Introduction to Industrial-Organizational Psychology

Work in the 21 st Century: An Introduction to Industrial-Organizational Psychology. by Frank J. Landy & Jeffrey M. Conte, 2/e. Chapter 1. An Introduction to Industrial-Organizational Psychology. Module 1.1: Fundamentals of I-O Psychology. Importance of I-O psychology

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Work in the 21 st Century: An Introduction to Industrial-Organizational Psychology

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  1. Work in the 21st Century: An Introduction to Industrial-Organizational Psychology by Frank J. Landy & Jeffrey M. Conte, 2/e

  2. Chapter 1 An Introduction to Industrial-Organizational Psychology

  3. Module 1.1:Fundamentals of I-O Psychology • Importance of I-O psychology • Importance of work in people’s lives • What is I-O psychology? • SIOP (Division 14 of APA) • Fields of I-O psychology • Personnel psychology • Organizational psychology • Human engineering

  4. SIOP as a Resource • www.siop.org • History of I-O psychology • Membership information (incl. students) • Quarterly newspaper: TIP • JobNet • Educational institutions that offer graduate training programs in I-O psychology • List of SIOP publications

  5. How This Course Can Help You • Knowledge about 21st century workplace • Course will address issues such as work stress, work-family balance, workplace discrimination, & leadership

  6. Module 1.2: The past, present, and future of I-O Psychology • The Past – Important Dates/Events in I-O Psychology • The Present – Demographics and Career Paths • Future Challenges to I-O Psychology

  7. Important Dates in theEvolution of I-O Psychology Figure 1.1 Important Dates in the Evolution of I-O Psychology

  8. Brief History of I-O Psychology • 1876-1930 • Hugo Munsterburg, James McKeen Cattell, Walter Dill Scott, & Walter Van Dyke Bingham • World War 1: Army Alpha & Army Beta Tests • 1917 – First Ph.D. in Industrial Psychology awarded to Lillian Gilbreth • Research in time & motion study → Human Engineering

  9. Brief History of I-O Psychology (cont'd) • 1930-1964 • Hawthorne Studies, Human Relations • Human relations movement • Theories of motivation • Emotional world of the worker • Studies of job satisfaction • WWII • Civil Rights Act of 1964 & Title VII

  10. Demographics of I-O Psychologists • In 2000, I-O psychologists represented about 6% of all APA members • In 2000, 30% of I-O psychologists in APA were women • Average salaries: • Ph.D. in I-O psychology: $90,000 • Masters in I-O psychology: $67,000

  11. Where I-O Psychologists are Employed Figure 1.2 Where I-O Psychologists are Employed. Source: SIOP Survey (2002).

  12. Preparing for a Career in I-O Psychology • Education & training • Getting into a graduate program • Consideration of GPA & GRE score(s) • Relevant coursework (e.g., statistics) • More emphasis on coursework than major

  13. Challenges to I-O in 21st Century • I-O psychology needs to be: • Relevant • Useful • Grounded in scientific method

  14. Personal computing Telecommuting & virtual teams Videoconferencing Providing a service vs. manufacturing “goods” Nature of work more fluid Teams vs. the individual Little stability Family-friendly workplaces Greater diversity Global workplace Changes in the Workplace Since 1980 Milton Montenegro/Getty Images

  15. Module 1.3: Multicultural & Cross-Cultural Issues in I-O Psychology • Multiculturalism • Culture defined • System in which individuals share meaning & common ways of viewing events & objects • Sharing of meanings & interpretations Royalty-Free/CORBIS

  16. Cultural Determinants in the Workplace (Triandis) Figure 1.3 The Dynamic of Top-Down-Bottom-Up Processes across levels of culture

  17. Multicultural Nature of Work in the 21st Century • Why should multiculturalism be important to you? • Why is multiculturalism important for I-O psychology? • Issues surrounding the global economy, expatriates, & the “West vs. the Rest” mentality

  18. Theory of Cultural Influence • Hofstede’s 5 cultural dimensions • Individualism/collectivism • Power distance • Uncertainty avoidance • Masculinity/femininity • Long-term vs. short-term orientation

  19. Cultural Differences Among Countries Figure 1.4 Cultural Differences among Countries Source: Hofstede, 1993, p.91.

  20. Thoughts on Theories of Cultural Influence • Triandis’ variation on Hofstede’s dimension of individualism/collectivism • Horizontal cultures – those that minimize distances between individuals • Vertical cultures – accept & depend on distances between individuals

  21. Cultural Determinants in the Workplace (Triandis) Figure 1.5 Triandis’s View of Cultural Determinants in the Workplace

  22. Module 1.4:Themes & Course Structure • Themes: A) Unified Science B) Holistic Approach • Parts of the book: • Introduction • Industrial Psychology • Organizational Psychology • Work Environment

  23. Module 4 (cont’d) • Resources • Paper (I-O Journals/Books) • Electronic: I-O websites (e.g., www.siop.org) • Case study • Provides example of complexity of work behavior

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