Social Science Research HPD 4C Working with School – Age Children and Adolescents Mrs. Filinov

1. Social Science ResearchHPD 4C Working with School – Age Children and AdolescentsMrs. Filinov

2. Expectations • A2.2 locate and select information relevant to their investigations from a variety of primary sources • A2.3 based on preliminary research, for each investigation formulate a hypothesis, thesis statement, or research question, and use it to focus their research • A3.1 assess various aspects of information gathered from primary and secondary sources • A3.3 analyse and interpret research information (e.g., compare information gathered from primary and secondary sources; determine whether similar information is found in different sources) • A3.4 demonstrate academic honesty by documenting the sources of all information generated through research

3. Research Papers • There are two major types of research papers: •Research Essays – Many research tasks will be complete when the secondary research is finished. The results are presented as a research essay in which evidence from the research is described to support a thesis. •Research Reports – The results of a original investigation of a hypothesis are presented as research reports in which the method and the results are described. A research report enables others to evaluate the method to determine whether the results are reliable.

4. Research Questions and Hypothesis • Research Questions establishes the purpose of the research. -should be clearly worded about a specific aspect of the topic to guide you in selecting information from secondary sources in your literature review. -Two types of questions: description Q: “What happens?” Explanation Q: ‘Why” or “How” • A Hypothesis is a possible answer to your research questions.

5. Science Research Methods • Quantitative methods –they gather information from many people, and predict patterns of behavior from groups of people. -analyze the results using statistics, to generalize and predict. • Qualitative Methods- they gather detailed information from individuals. -the results can be presented anecdotally as case studies

6. Selecting a research method • Quantitative Research Method -Experiments -Surveys – questionnaire: closed questions and open – ended questions -Content Analysis – used for anthropological and historical research. Qualitative Research Methods -Observations -Interviews

7. Ethical Research • Do not change, omit, or make up evidence in a mistaken attempt to improve your report. • Use citations and references to give credit to the original authors of any work you have consulted. • Ensure that the report reflects your own analysis and conclusions. • Your are responsible for ensuring that your report presents the evidence accurately. • Sample Groups • Define the population who will be the subject of your study, considering age, gender, ethnic group, religion, level of education etc.

8. When and how to paraphrase • Decide if you will quote, summarize, or paraphrase an author’s work. Quoting: to include a section of an author’s writing in your assignment without changing it. Quote a quote if: • Every word the author uses is critical. • The quotation will not make your text too long. • You haven’t used too many quotation already. • The author’s style or phrasing is critical. Summarize: to express only the most essential points of a piece of writing. Summarize if: • Not all of the author’s words are necessary. • If paraphrasing or quoting will make your text too long. • Paraphrase: to put the author's ideas into your own words. Paraphrase if: • The author’s words will be difficult for your reader to understand. • The reader requires proof that you understand the author correctly.

9. Continued… To paraphrase you MUST write in your own words and alter the wording and structure of the sentence. • Tips on paraphrasing: -When doing research 1. Take notes 2.Write down the points of information. 3. Change the language of the ideas you write down. Write down information about the source. -When writing your assignment • Take your notes and change them into full, correct sentences. • Provide a reference to the original source. • Go back and check the original text to make sure that your words are not the same as the words of the author, and that the paraphrase is accurate.