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Participles: What are they?

Verb Can take an object Has tense and voice Tense relative to the main verb. Adjective or substantive adj (noun) Can modify nouns: must agree in case, #, gender Decline. Participles: What are they?. Various participles in English. Running run, having been run About, going to run

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Participles: What are they?

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  1. Verb Can take an object Has tense and voice Tense relative to the main verb Adjective or substantive adj (noun) Can modify nouns: must agree in case, #, gender Decline Participles: What are they?

  2. Various participles in English • Running • run, having been run • About, going to run • About to be run, deserving/ fit to be run

  3. Participles: Forms

  4. Present Active Participle • Declines like a 3rd declension, two ending adjective • In the ablative singular: can end –e or –i (see Wheelock footenote p148) • Expresses action at the same time as the main verb • Translates as: verb -ing

  5. Perfect Passive Participle • The fourth principal part • Declines like a 1-2 declension adjective • Expresses actions prior to that of the main verb • Translates as: having been verb-ed

  6. Future Active Participle • 4th principal part + -urus, a, um • Declines like a 1-2 declension adjective • Expresses action after the main verb • Translates as: about/going to verb

  7. Future Passive Participle • Formed off of present stem +undus, a, um • Declines as a 1-2 declension adjective • Expresses action after main verb • Translates as: deserving/fit to be verb-ed Or about to be _______ed

  8. Loving the girl, • The poet writes a letter to her. • The poet wrote a letter to her. • The poet will write a letter to her.

  9. Amans puellam, • Poeta scibit litteras ei. • Poeta scripsit litteras ei. • Poeta scribet litteras ei.

  10. Having loved the girl, • The poet writes a letter to her. • The poet wrote a letter to her. • The poet will write a letter to her.

  11. Amatus puellam, • Poeta scibit litteras ei. • Poeta scripsit litteras ei. • Poeta scribet litteras ei.

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