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Kenneth L. Davidson, Peter S. Guest and Paul A. Frederickson Dept. of Meteorology

BULK MODELING OF EVAPORATION DUCT AND OPTICAL TURBULENCE IN LITTORAL ZONE SPECIAL OPERATIONS DEMONSTRATIONS: . SURVEILLANCE TARGET AQUISITION NETWORK (STAN) & TACTICAL NETWORK TOPOLOGY (TNT).

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Kenneth L. Davidson, Peter S. Guest and Paul A. Frederickson Dept. of Meteorology

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  1. BULK MODELING OF EVAPORATION DUCT AND OPTICAL TURBULENCE IN LITTORAL ZONE SPECIAL OPERATIONS DEMONSTRATIONS: SURVEILLANCE TARGET AQUISITION NETWORK (STAN) & TACTICAL NETWORK TOPOLOGY (TNT) Kenneth L. Davidson, Peter S. Guest and Paul A. Frederickson Dept. of Meteorology Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA

  2. Reliability and Bandwidth Experiment • STAN & TNT METOC Platforms/Locations • Surrogate Vessel: Cypress Sea (Dive Boat) • UUV: ARIES (ME Dept) • UAV: Pelican (CIRPAS) • Land-based: • McMillan Field, Camp Roberts, CA • Rapid Environmental Assessment Laboratory (REAL) Mobile OFDM Experiment Vessel OFDM Experiment 802.11b Network NPS STAN 7/TNT OFDM Backbone Installation and Experiments

  3. Developed/Demonstrated METOC Technologies

  4. Kite NPS Bulk Model Kite/Buoy Profile Sonde NPS Bulk Model Kite/Buoy Profile Reel Variability of Refractivity in Surface Layer over Warn Water Evaluation of of Bulk Models Found that NPS Bulk model estimates and direct kite/buoy profile measured refractivity profiles show agreement

  5. EO detection/Surveillance • Concurrent Airflow with optical measurements across San Diego Bay (EOPACE). • Data used to evaluate and improve bulk Cn2 model.

  6. Near-Surface Collected: Vessel / Buoy Airflow Waves Atmospheric Numerical Predictions: Mesoscale COAMPS Satellite sensor collected: Duct Top Height SST In situ Upper-Air Soundings: Rawinsondes Microwave/Lidar Land Wireless Link Upper-Air COAMPS profiles Duct Fields Radar IR Sea 100% 100% Near-Surface NPS Bulk Model 80% 60% 30% Continuous, 3-D Refractivity Extinction Scintillation 0% Propagation Models EM/APM IR/EOSTAR Effects Models AREPS TAWS = examined/applied Integration Approach for EM/EO Effects Assessment Legend: METOC Data Sources, Refractivity Models,Propagation Models, Effects (SPP) Models

  7. Developed/Demonstrated METOC Technologies Networked

  8. Radar Range Bulk & Optical Range STAN&TNT Network DemonstrationsReal-time Rf/IR impact

  9. Radar Detection During STAN/TNT

  10. Radar Detection During STAN/TNT

  11. Range (R) expression

  12. W/2 W Implied Capability SCUD Tank MMV Person Rifle No. Cycles TEL on Target Detect -12 -11 -10 -9 -7 1 Aim -11 -10 - 9 -8 -6 2.5 Recognize -10 - 9 - 9 -7 -5 4 Identify - 9 - 8 - 8 -7 -4 8 Determine - 8 - 8 - 7 -6 -3 12 2.5 W The “Bar Chart” Target Size “Riddle” From 1 : USAF GroupCycle Width (W), cm - 5 3.2 - 6 6.4 - 7 12.8 - 8 25.6 - 9 51.2 - 10 102.4

  13. Bulk & Optical Range STAN&TNT Network DemonstrationsReal-time Rf/IR impact

  14. Predicted versus observed/actual detection range

  15. Trident Warrior/Silent Hammer NETWORK Surrogate vessel METOC Data Effects NPS Network Effects FNMOC Silent Hammer White Cells Iridium Link Potential via STAN/TNT model Trident Warrior/Silent Hammer3-9 October 2004, vcnty SCIMETOC Sampling from Surrogate Vessel • Demonstrated/Supported: • Denied area METOC wrt ISR (LT Harp) • Real-time METOC wrt SOP’s (LCDR Johnson) • COAMPS prediction (3-km) (LCDR Murphy) • Satellite sensor derived duct tops • Bioluminescence (SSC, LT Holt-NPMOC-SD)

  16. Estimating Rf Detection and Application to NSW Operations • Demonstrates METOC impact on of low RCS platforms. • Related NPS integrated model predictions to variability in Refractivity during FLT EX Silent Hammer, off SCI.

  17. EM/EO Time Series: Bulk derived

  18. Developed/Demonstrated METOC Technologies Networked

  19. Summary • Impacts on EM/EO detection/imaging require data collection and connectivity • Validated Bulk and Mesoscale Prediction data/results apply to impacts • SOF focused STAN & TNT enable demonstration and evaluation of data, model and connectivity application

  20. Questions?

  21. AREPS with NPS model predicts S-band loss out to 20 nm within 1 dB 5-7 dB better than without METOC effect Estimating Effects of Surface-based and Evaporation Ducts: Wallops Island Propagation Tests • LCDR William Sommer (Dec 2000) METOC Beneficiary: ONR (radar). • Found that over water, low-horizon target detection by S-and X-band radar is described well by AREPS, using NPS bulk model.

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