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AMERICA GOES TO THE GREAT WAR

AMERICA GOES TO THE GREAT WAR. Reasons to Go To War. Unrestricted submarine warfare Violated freedom of seas Neg. impact on Am. econ. Sinking of the Lusitania 128 Ams. died Zimmerman Telegram (Note) Tried to get Mex. to declare war on U.S. America Mobilizes.

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AMERICA GOES TO THE GREAT WAR

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  1. AMERICA GOES TO THE GREAT WAR

  2. Reasons to Go To War • Unrestricted submarine warfare • Violated freedom of seas • Neg. impact on Am. econ. • Sinking of the Lusitania • 128 Ams. died • Zimmerman Telegram (Note) • Tried to get Mex. to declare war on U.S.

  3. America Mobilizes • April 2, 1917 – Wilson declares war on Germ. • Joins the Allied Powers • “To Make the World Safe for Democracy” • He believed in superiority of capitalistic democracy • Would extend this idea even thru armed intervention

  4. Mass (War) Production • Drastic measures needed = Need to transport men, food & supplies over 100s of miles of ocean • 4 Crucial Steps: • Exempted shipyard workers from draft & PSA on importance of work • Used prefabricated parts • Gov. took over merchant & priv. ships for war use • Total War = politics, econ. & society (culture) ALL geared towards war effort

  5. New Gov. Agencies • Created to handle war effort (part of Total War) • Selective Service • War Industries Board • Fuel Administration • National War Labor Board • Food Administration • Committee on Public Information

  6. Minorities A.A. • Enlisted; served in seg. units & non-combat duty • Approx. 400,000 • Replaced white men in mfg. jobs • Many moved from South for jobs = Great Migration Women • Not allowed to enlist; served as volunteer nurses, secretaries, & phone ops. • Approx. 13,000 • Replaced white men in mfg. jobs • Encouraged war effort by selling bonds & planting “victory” gardens

  7. Espionage & Sedition Acts – seek out those against war; violated civil rights Germ.-Americans or new immigrants attacked = seen as suspicious Physical violence Lost jobs Deported Anti-German America Orchestras refused to play music of Mozart, Bach, Beethoven Towns changed names Libraries removed books by German authors Food names changed ex. Hamburger  Salisbury Steak or Liberty Sandwich; Sauerkraut  Liberty Cabbage War Hysteria

  8. German-American tarred & feathered

  9. Fighting Over There • American Expeditionary Force (AEF) a.k.a.“Doughboys” • Tide turns once U.S. troops arrive • Freshness & enthusiasm for fighting • War of Industrialization; 1st modern war • New weapons & strategies

  10. Convoy System Trench Warfare (West. Front only) Machine gun Tank Airplane Antiaircraft gun Aircraft carriers Observation balloons Flamethrower Poison Gas Modern WarfareStrategiesWeapons

  11. New Injuries • Trench Mouth = infection of the gums & throat • Trench Foot = standing in cold, wet socks for long periods of time toes turn red/blue then numb start to rot • Only option was to amputate toes • Shell Shock = a complete emotional collapse (similar to PTSD)

  12. Sept. 1917 – U.S. mounts offensive vs. Germ. A.-H. surrendered to Allies – 11/3/1918 Germ. sailors began mutiny Germ. signs armistice – 11/11/1918 U.S. impact = 48,000 died; 200,000 wounded/died of disease Flu epidemic 1918-1919 = 500,000 died Net Result ~ ALLIES WIN!!

  13. Summarize & CTQs • Recap what you have just learned from the previous slides in your own words in about 5-6 sentences. • Highlight your slide titles

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