The Civil Rights Movement

1. The Civil Rights Movement 1950-1968

2. The Civil Rights Movement has often been called the 2nd Reconstruction. Write a brief description of what happened during Reconstruction (1865-1877) and Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) based on anything that you remember. • Then, write your opinion on the meaning of the cartoon.

3. WWII renewed interest in civil rights • minorities fighting against oppression abroad only to return home to the same • armed forces integrated after WWII

6. consider: What are some ways to protest something without using violence? essential question: What were the accomplishments of the Civil Rights Movement? How did nonviolent protest become aggressive?

7. Nonviolent resistance in the 1950s • NAACP and Thurgood Marshall help end segregation in schools 1. Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

8. NAACP and Thurgood Marshall help end segregation in schools 1. Brown v. Board Front and center, Linda Brown, the plaintiff in Brown v. Board, the 1954 Supreme Court case that found segregation illegal.

9. NAACP and Thurgood Marshall help end segregation in schools 1. Brown v. Board Chief Justice Earl Warren would lead a Supreme Court that would make many progressive decisions from 1953-1969.

10. 1. Brown v. Board • with “all deliberate speed” was how the Court ordered states to integrate facing fierce resistance

12. 2. Montgomery bus boycott (1955) • Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr. led a successful bus boycott that led to the Supreme Court outlawing bus segregation

13. 2. Montgomery bus boycott (1955) • Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr. led a successful bus boycott that led to the Supreme Court outlawing bus segregation

14. nine black students integrating Little Rock H.S. 3. the Little Rock Nine (1957) Pictured here with Daisy Bates, a newspaper journalist and active member in the local NAACP, are nine students, Ernest Green, Thelma Mothershed, Elizabeth Eckford, Terrace Roberts, Carlotta Walls, Gloria Ray, Jefferson Thomas, Melba Pattillo, and Minnijean Brown. Bates would become the advisor for the nine students.

15. 3. the Little Rock Nine (1957) • many whites resist even after the National Guard sent to protect them

16. 4. Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC, 1957) and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC, 1960) • nonviolent resistance movement groups emerge such as SCLC, led by King, and SNCC, led by students

17. consider:As nonviolent resistance is increasingly successful, what kind of reaction would you expect from whites resistant to change? essential question: What were the accomplishments of the Civil Rights Movement? How did nonviolent protest become aggressive?

18. Nonviolent protest begins to receive a violent reaction, especially in the Deep South.

19. i.e. Emmett Till murder (1955) represented both the violent reaction to Brown and the nonviolent protest of the 1950s

20. 1. the sit-in movement • black and white college students protested segregation by sitting at whites-only lunch counters

21. 2. Freedom Riders • black and white protesters ride buses through the South to challenge federal government to enforce ban on segregation on interstate buses; federal government enforcing Supreme Court ban on segregation on interstate buses

22. 3. Birmingham riot • images shocked the nation, many whites sympathize with African Americans and ask for government action

23. Turning Point: JFK assassinated (he had promised civil rights; Johnson will provide in his memory) AND

25. Martin Luther King Jr.’s March on Washington (site of the “I Have a Dream” speech) made the movement acceptable to most whites.

27. A visible violent reaction to civil rights protests led to public sympathy for the cause, which led to civil rights legislation.

28. 1. Civil Rights Act of 1964 • banned segregation in public places and discrimination in employment; the following summer was Freedom Summer, where volunteers helped African Americans register to vote in Mississippi, in the murder of three volunteers

29. 2. Voting Rights Act of 1965 • banned literacy tests

30. 3. 24th Amendment • banned poll taxes

31. Violent resistance to nonviolent protest leads to new civil rights legislation, especially after the violence receives national exposure through the media.

32. The important images: Which term from the front is pictured? • A picture will be shown that refers to one of the terms we have studied so far in the Civil Rights Movement. • Someone’s name will be picked from the bucket of equality. • That person will give the term associated with the picture (group can help) OR • Another name will be picked.

33. Voting Rights Act of 1965 or 24th Amendment

34. Birmingham riot This image of Parker High School student Walter Gadsden being attacked by dogs was published in The New York Times on May 4, 1963

35. Rosa Parks or Montgomery Bus Boycott Rosa Parks being fingerprinted after her arrest for refusing to give up her seat on the bus.

36. Freedom Riders This bus was firebombed. The second bus was attacked by a mob.

37. Emmett Till

38. Birmingham riot

39. Brown v. Board Linda Brown and her mother outside the Supreme Court building

40. Sit-in movement Jackson, Mississippi 1963

41. The Little Rock Nine Hazel Massery is the Caucasian girl seen yelling as Elizabeth Eckford attempted to enter the school on her first day.

42. Montgomery Bus Boycott Black people take cars together during the bus boycott while a Montgomery, Ala., bus is deserted in the background.

43. Martin Luther King, Jr. or March on Washington or “I Have a Dream” speech

44. Freedom Riders

45. sit-in movement

46. Birmingham riot

47. Freedom Summer or Voting Rights Act of 1965

48. Little Rock Nine

49. Brown v. Board

50. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee