Production and Test of 150 Barrel RPC Chambers of the CMS experiment at LHC collider

1. 105 Hz Trigger efficiency .vs.Pt Trigger efficiency .vs. 103 Hz Trigger Rate HV backelite Gas Gap GND Gas Gap Gas Gap Barrel RPC Chamber consists of 2 double-gaps, each equipped with a common plane of 96 strips read-out by 6 front-end boards. The two double-gaps have different lengths and are staggered to reduce the dead zone. Double-gap are made by 2 superimposed gaps with the spacers overlapped in order to do not produce gap deformation. The gap is made by two 2 mm thick bakelite plates (resistivity 1-3·1010·cm) kept at a fixed distance of 2 mm by insulating spacer (diameter of about 10 mm). The chambers will at 9.2-9.5 KV with a Freon based gas mixture (96.2 C2H2F4, 3.5% i-C4H10, 0.3% i-SF6). RPC chamber Sector RB4 RB3 RB2 strip planes DT RPC RB1 Gas Gap The chamber is a self-supporting mechanical structure producing a gentle pressure (about 15 Kg/m2) in order to keep the strip planes in place and in contact with the two gaps. The production is on schedule Chamber production trend DT-RPC sandwich Pavia Bari Current .vs. HV RPC system numbers • area covered 2.400 m2 • number RPC chambers 480 • number of strips 75.000 • number of front-end cards 4.700 Plateau Efficiency Cluster Size Current Noise Cluster Rate Noise Rate Efficiency distrib. Hz/cm2 eff = 98.7% reconstruction counting Production and Test of 150Barrel RPC Chambersof the CMS experiment at LHC collider Pierluigi Paolucci – I.N.F.N. of Naples (Italy) Dip. di Fisica & INFN di Bari (Italy), Dip. di Fisica & INFN di Pavia (Italy), IRNE & Univ. of Sofia (Bulgaria), Peking Univ. (China) Compact Muon Solenoid Muon Trigger The Compact Muon Solenoidis a general purpose p-p detector at the Large Hadron Collider fig.1 fig.2 fig.3 The LHC bunch crossing frequency is 40 MHz and with a Luminosity of 1034 cm-2s-1 the average number of inelastic interaction in a crossing is 17.3. A rate reduction of a factor 4·105 is needed to reach the recording capability of 100 Hz. The barrel has 3 independent L1 muon trigger systems(DT-RPC-CSC), each generating 4 muon candidates with an associated Pt and track quality. The Global Muon Trigger receives this data and properly combines them to generate 4 final muon tracks. The combined trigger efficiency (see fig.2) is always greater than 90%. The estimated Muon Trigger Rate in the barrel region (||<1.04) goes from 102 Hz up to 105 Hz as function of the Pt (at L = 1034 cm-2s-1) and the RPC trigger systemis able to trigger muon with aPt > 6-8 GeV/c with an efficiency greater than 90% (see fig.3). Barrel Endcap Muon detector is designed to trigger and identifymuons and measure their momentum. It consists of four sub-detectors: Drift Tubes (DT) in the barrel region, Cathod Strip Chambers (CSC) in the endcap region and Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC)as dedicated trigger detectors in the barrel/endcap. Barrel RPC system The Barrel Muon System is made by 5 wheels, divided in 12 sectors with 4 stations or magnet iron gaps (called for the RPC system RB1, RB2, RB3 and RB4) each. The iron gaps will be filled with a sandwich made by RPC-DT-RPCin the station RB1-RB2 and RPC-DT in the station RB3-RB4. Chamber production Chamber Test Stand About 150 RPC chambers have been produced (General Tecnica, Bari and High Tech) and tested (Bari and Pavia) in Italy, corresponding to 1450 gaps and 400 double-gaps. A very accurate Quality Control check is made on the single gaps, double gaps and chambers. Two Cosmic rays telescopes have been built in Bari (10 chambers) and Pavia (5 chambers) in order to study in details the performances of the RPC chambers. One more “short” test will be done at the ISR (CERN) before installing them. The trigger is made by two planes of scintillators, placed on the opposite ends of the structure. The DAQ is based on a custom VME TDC running at 40 MHz in common stop mode and with a bin size of 25 nsec The gas mixture is: 96.2% C2H2F4, 3.5% i-C4H10, 0.3% i-SF6 Chamber efficiency, cluster size, noise rate and dark currentare measured for every chamber and the results are stored in the RPC database (http://www.ba.infn.it/rpc) The dark currentandefficiencycurves as function of the HV working point are very similar showing a very good reproducibility of the RPC chambers. Cosmic Test Stand Results Mean Global Efficiency is measured using two different methods (fig.5): The Counting method calculates the efficiency as the ratio between the number of chamber signals in a fixed time window and the number of triggers. The Reconstruction method uses reconstructed cosmic tracks in order to reduce the number of “fake” events generated by cosmic showers, fake triggers and multi-particle events. fig. 1 fig. 2 fig. 3 <Dark Current> = 5mA Noise Rate < 6 Hz/cm2 <Cluster Noise Rate> = 2.4 Hz <Cluster Size> = 3 strips <efficiency> = 98.7 % TheCluster size(fig.6) is defined as the number of contiguous strips of the same chambers. The Noise Cluster Rate(fig.6) and the Noise rate(fig.4) are measured using the number of hits and clusters found outside the trigger window (3 TDC bins = 75 ns). fig. 5 fig. 4 fig. 6