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Odor pollution

Odor pollution. Presented By Seval TAYANÇLI Eda TUTUŞ.

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Odor pollution

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  1. Odor pollution Presented By Seval TAYANÇLI Eda TUTUŞ

  2. Odor is an important environmental pollution issue because it can affect public amenity and the community’s quality of life. Attention to odor as an environmental nuisance has been growing as a result of increasing industrialization and the awareness of people’s need for a clean environment.

  3. Efforts to abate odor levels are necessary in order to maintain the quality of the environment. Understanding the odor problem and the origin and dispersion of odors, abatement and detection methods are, therefore, very important aspects of odor pollution in the environment.

  4. Sources of odor in the environment

  5. Sources of odor in the environment

  6. Major OdorCompoundsand Their Senses

  7. Understanding Odor Characteristics The following are examples of the relationshipbetween the odor characteristics and their significance for pollution control [Card, 1998]: • 1. Vapor pressure • 2. Solubility in water • 3. Ionization

  8. Odor Pollution Reduction Technologies • There is nosingle treatment technology that can effectively and economically be applied to everyindustrial or commercial application. The effectiveness of a technology can often bedefined by the flow rates and concentrations at which adequate cost-effective treatment can be expected.

  9. adsorption using activated carbon, zeolite, alumina (disposable or with regeneration); • dry chemical scrubbing - solid phase impregnated with chemical agents such as pH modifiers, chlorine dioxide or permanganate; • biological treatment – trickling biofilters, soil bed biofilters, non-soil biofilters – (peat, heather, wood bark, compost), bioscrubbers; • absorption (scrubbing) - spray and packed towers, plate absorbers (single pass or recirculating); • thermal treatment - existing boiler plant, thermal or catalytic oxidation; • other techniques – odour treatment chemicals, condensation, plasma technology (ozone), catalytic iron filters and UV.

  10. Biological Systems • Biological treatment is effective and economical for low concentrations of contaminants in large quantities of air. • Biological systems for odor control rely basically on the microorganism activity thatconverts odor compounds in the waste air or wastewater to carbon dioxide and water as in achemical system. Biological systems include biofilters, biological scrubbers (orbioscrubbers), and biological trickling filters (or biotrickling filters).

  11. 1.BIOFILTERS Advantages • Simple operation • Low investment costs • Low running costs • Degradation of less watersoluble pollutant • Suitable for reduction of odorous pollutants Disadvantages • Low waste-air volumetric flow rate • Only low pollutant concentration • Process control impossible • Channeling of air flow is normal • Limited service life of filter bed • Excess biomass not disposable

  12. 2.BIOTRICKLING FILTERS Advantages • Simple operation • Low investments costs • Low running costs • Suitable for moderately contaminated waste air • Ability to control pH • Ability to add nutrients Disadvantages • Limited process control • Channeling can be a problem • Limit service life of filter bed • Excess biomass not disposable

  13. 3.BIOSCRUBBERS Advantages • Good process control possible • High mass transfer • Suitable for highly contaminated waste air • Suitable for process modeling • High operational stability • Ability to add nutrients Disadvantages • High investment cost • High running cost • Production of excess biomass • Disposal of water • Possible plugging in adsorption stage

  14. ODOR POLLUTION DETECTION INSTRUMENTATION 1.Chemical Sensors A chemical sensor is a device that responds to a particular analyte in a selective way through a chemical reaction, and which can be used for the qualitative or quantitative determination of the analyte. The working principles of a chemical sensor are primarily based on the interaction between sample input (e.g. odor molecules) and the chemically sensitive materials on the sensor surface.

  15. Chemical sensor applications relevant to the odor and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions detection

  16. 2.Olfactometry and Gas Chromatography Olfactometer is the state-of-the-art odor measurement system. It is used to measure the odor detection threshold and the hedonic tone of an odor substance. Odor compounds can also be recognized by means of analytical instruments such as gas chromatography.

  17. 3.Electronic Noses Gardner and Bartlett (1999) defined the E-nose as an instrument that comprises an array of electronic, chemical sensors with partial specificity and an appropriate pattern recognition system, capable of recognizing simple or complex odors. This definition restricts the term E-nose to thosetypes of sensor array systems that are specifically used to sense odorous molecules in ananalogous manner to the human nose.

  18. Odor-related regulations in selected countries (USA, Germany, and Canada)(adapted from Hellwig (1998) and Bockreis (1999))

  19. The Federal Clean Air Act (the Act) does not specifically regulate odor, however, odors are typically addressed through State nuisance regulations or common law of affected States. Contact your state environmental agency to get more specific information. Regarding odor concerns, odors are difficult to investigate due to the variation in odor thresholds of different pollutants and the varying sensitivity of individuals to odors. In some cases, odor concerns can be an be pursued through the application of the secondary National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), discussed further below, in relation to enjoyment of life, property, and the environment. http://www.epa.gov/region5/agriculture/faqs.html

  20. REFERENCES • http://dspace.library.cornell.edu/bitstream/1813/10399/1/Invited%20overview%20Lammers%2012July2004.pdf • http://www.enviroware.com/portfolio/odor-pollution/ • http://www.env.go.jp/en/air/odor/measure/02_1_4.pdf • http://www.epa.gov/region5/agriculture/faqs.html

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