Struggle Against Discrimination in Progressive Era

1. The Struggle Against Discrimination Chapter 8 Section 3

2. Progressivism Contradicts Itself • Progressive Era was not so progressive for nonwhites and immigrant Americans

3. Americanization“How do we change them?” • Settlement Houses • Taught them how to dress • Change customs • Use of alcohol was frowned upon • Scientific theories claim that dark skinned people were less intelligent then whites

4. Plessy v. Ferguson • Homer Plessy refused to move to “colored” cart while riding train in Louisiania • He was 1/8 black, 7/8 white, but was still considered African American • Argued that his rights under 13th and 14th Amendment were violated • Supreme Court upheld the “separate, but equal”

5. Demands for Reforms • New movements arose to help fight against discrimination • Niagara Movement • NAACP • Urban League

6. Niagara Movement • Leading African American thinkers met at Niagara Falls in Summer of 1902 • Led by W.E.B. DuBois and William Monroe Trotter • The movement did not grow strong enough to fight against discrimination

7. NAACP • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People • Aimed to help African Americans with no forced labor, mental abuse, and physical abuse • Leaders such as Jane Addams, Ray Stannard Baker, and Florence Kelley

8. Urban League • Focused upon poor African American workers • It helped families buy clothes and books and send children to school

9. Protection • Anti-Defamation League • Formed to help Jews • Mutualistas • Formed by Mexican Americans to help with loans and legal assistance • Society of American Indians in 1911 • Formed to help Native Americans protest federal Indian policy