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THE MIDDLE OF WHAT?

THE MIDDLE OF WHAT?. THE PERIOD CALLED THE MIDDLE AGES IS BETWEEN THE FALL OF ROME AND THE RENIASSANCE ABOUT 400 C.E. TO 1400 C.E. IT’S A PERIOD OF RECOVERY AND GROWTH,DECLINE, GROWTH AGAIN…. Where is it?. Civilization comes to parts of Europe that had been left out of Rome

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THE MIDDLE OF WHAT?

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  1. THE MIDDLE OF WHAT? • THE PERIOD CALLED THE MIDDLE AGES IS BETWEEN THE FALL OF ROME AND THE RENIASSANCE • ABOUT 400 C.E. TO 1400 C.E. • IT’S A PERIOD OF RECOVERY AND GROWTH,DECLINE, GROWTH AGAIN…

  2. Where is it? • Civilization comes to parts of Europe that had been left out of Rome • Germany, Northern Britain, Scandinavia… • It gradually spreads to cover all of Western Europe

  3. SOCIETY AND CULTURE IN THE MIDDLE AGES • THE CENTER MOVES AWAY FROM ROME NORTHWARD • COMPARD TO THE REST OF THE WORLD EUROPE WAS PRIMITIVE • MUSLIMS SCORNED THEM AS ‘BARBARIANS’ • THIS HELPS EXPLAINS SOME OF THE CONFLICTS WITH ISLAM

  4. EUROPE BEGAN TO GROW AGAIN • POPULATIONS ROSE • NEW TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPED • WATER DRIVEN MILLS, IRON CASTING • CHRISTIANITY BECAME THE DOMINANT FAITH, CENTERD IN THE ROMAN CHURCH

  5. THE CHRUCH WAS THE CENTER OF LIFE • THE FOCUS WAS ATTAINING SALVATION • LEARNING WAS RESTRICTED TO THE CLERGY IN GENERAL

  6. ITALY WAS A FRAGMENTED WEAK AREA- ROME HAD BEEN SACKED • THE WEST REMAINED VUNERABLE TO INVASIONS- VIKINGS, • OVERALL, FOR 500 YEARS WESTERN CULTURE DID NOT ADVANCE AS FAST AS THE REST OF THE WORLD

  7. THE MANORIAL SYSTEM • MANORIALISM IS AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM • STARTED IN THE LATE ROMAN EMPIRE TO INCREASE AGRICULTURE • SERF- PEASANT LEGALLY TIED TO THE LAND • LORDS OWNED THE LAND

  8. SOME ADVANCES • OLD PLOWS REPLACED WITH MOLDBOARDS- CURVED IRON PLOWS • THE THREE-FIELD SYSTEM INCREASES PRODUCTION

  9. IN THE NEW TOWNS LEARNING INCREASES, UNIVERSITIES GET THEIR START • THEY STUDY THEOLOGY, LAW, MEDICINE • THEY BENEFITTED FROM PRESERVED ROMAN AND GREEK WORKS

  10. FEUDALISM, MONARCHIES, LIMITED GOVERNMENT • FEUDALISM IS A POLITICAL SYSTEM • IT’S BASED ON MILITARY ALLIANCES • RULERS GAVE LAND IN EXCHANGE FOR SOLDIERS- A FIEF • LORDS CONTROL VASSALS • YOU CAN BE BOTH A LORD TO SOME, A VASSAL TO SOMEONE ELSE

  11. IT GETS IT START IN FRANCE • IN 1066 IT’S BROUGHT TO ENGLAND WITH WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR AT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS • THE GROWTH OF FEUDAL SOCIETIES MIRRORED THE SAME SYSTEM IN PLACE IN CHINA

  12. PROTECTION ANDLAND TAXES ANDKNIGHTS

  13. NOT ALL OF EUROPE HAD STRONG SYSTEMS • NORTHERN GERMANY, THE LOW COUNTRIES, AND ITALY REMAINED FRAGMENTED AND WEAK • 1215* IN ENGLAND THE MAGNA CARTA BEGAN LIMITING ROYAL POWER • PARLIAMENTS START IN EUROPE- VERY LIMITED IN POWER

  14. IN GENERAL MOST PEOPLE HAD LIMITED RIGHTS • IT WAS A BEGINNING TO LATER GOVT’S POWER STRUCTURES • THEY WERE LOOKING FOR A BALANCE OF POWER BETWEEN LORDS AND VASSALS

  15. THE 100 YEARS WAR • FOUGHT BETWEEN FRANCE AND ENGLAND • DUAL CLAIMS TO BOTH THRONES • JOAN OF ARC SAVES FRANCE • MEDIEVAL WARFARE CHANGES FOR GOOD

  16. THE WEST EXPANDS • EUROPE WAS EXPANDING, GROWING • THE CRUSADES • CALLED FOR BY POPE URBAN II “GOD WILLS IT!” • THEY STIMULATE TRADE, INTEREST IN LEARNING, NEW TECHNOLOGY

  17. THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES THE 12TH AND 13TH CENTURIES

  18. THEOLOGY • THE CHURCH RELIED ON ANCIENT LEARNING- ARISTOTLE • FAITH WAS SUPREME OVER REASON • AS SCHOLARS TRANSLATED ANCIENT TEXTS,LEARNING INCREASED • PEOPLE VENERATED SAINTS,WENT TO CHURCH, BUT MAGIC AND SUPERSTITION STILL REMAINED ALIVE

  19. ST THOMAS AQUINAS SCHOLASTICISM

  20. ART • ART REMAINED CENTERED ON SALVATION AND THEMES OF RELIGIOUS FAITH • CATHEDRALS BECOME GIANT CENTERS OF FAITH AND WORSHIP

  21. TRADE AND TOWNS • MORE PEASANTS ARE GAINING FREEDOM • TOWNS GROWING LARGER BASED ON TRADE STARTED BY THE CRUSADES • BANKING BEGINS- ALLIANCES SUCH AS THE HANSEATIC LEAGUE • CAPITALISM STARTS, COMMERCE IS MOSTLY UNREGULATED, COMPARED TO OTHER SOCIETIES

  22. SOCIETY CHANGES • LORDS LOSE THEIR MONOLPOLY ON MAKING WAR • ARISTOCRATS IN EUROPE BECOME MORE CULTURED, EDUCATED • THE CHURCH LOSES POWER OVER GOVERNMENTS • PEOPLE LOOK OUTSIDE THE CHURCH FOR LIFE’S ANSWERS

  23. IN COMPARISON TO ASIA AND SOUTH ASIA EUROPE REMAINED BACKWARDS, BUT THEY WERE MOVING FORWARD • IN POLITICS KINGS POWER GREW • MONEY BEGAN TO TAKE HOLD IN TRADE

  24. ISLAM AND CHRISTIANITY WERE IN COMPETITION IN MANY AREAS • GOVERNMENTS CENTRALIZED LIKE IN CHINA • EUROPE WAS TRANSFORMING ITSELF FROM SMALL STATES TO LARGE UNIFIED NATIONS

  25. Thesis W Europe COT • Western Europe from 600-1450 oversaw a vast transformation from virtually primitive economic isolationism to engaging in a commercial revolution, learning would be renewed in the establishment of markets (cities ) and universities, however the Catholic church would still hold tremendous sway over the daily lives of people. Western Europe from 600-1450 would still maintain their feudal bonds albeit kingdoms would become more centralized and the church would still be the authority on spiritual and literacy, however the birth of guilds would facilitate a greater trading force throughout Western Europe and enhance their global economic ties.

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