Chapter 3

1. Chapter 3 Settling NC

2. The Tuscarora • The Tuscarora were the Native Americans in NC. • They knew the Indians who rebelled at Jamestown were massacred. • When the English came in 1653, the current chief was friendly & fierce—The chief invited the colonists to his hunting camp but also brought 250 warriors.

3. The Tuscarora • The Tuscarora & the English lived near each other both happily and nervously. • Nathaniel Batts was the first permanent settler in NC & he built a trading post.

4. Colonial Life • Some colonists came to the New World in order to make a better living. • Some came to escape the Protestant Reformation.

5. Colonial Life • Slaves were brought to the New World as early as 1619. • By the 1700, tens of thousands of slaves were in the colonies. • The Middle Passage was the name for the journey from Africa to the colonies.

6. Colonial Life

7. Colonial Life • Settlers came from Virginia into NC—George & Ann Durant were among those who led the way • Wealthy proprietors from Barbados also settled in the Carolinas & formed Charles Town • The Carolina economy largely revolved around tobacco

8. Colonial Life • Carolina was a difficult climate for the colonists • The forests were dense & neared to be cleared • The damp, hot climate contributed to mosquitoes spreading malaria

9. Colonial Life • Colonial men spent their time on jobs such as logging, hunting & seafaring • Women often worked in the men’s businesses such as running inns or acting as lawyers • Many women were widows

10. Colonial Life • The largest religious group in the Carolinas were the Quakers • “Quakerism arises out of a radical interpretation of Christianity that understands Christ as being a living reality in personal experience, not only in the Bible and Church tradition. The basic discovery of the Friends movement is – in the words of George Fox, the movement’s founder – that “Christ is come to teach his people himself.”

11. Colonial Government • The Carolina Government was set up by the “Lord Proprietors” & a governor who create the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina • Males with at least 50 acres of land could vote for the lawmakers • The Proprietors tried to make the merchants richer • Governors only lasted 2-3 years

12. Colonial Government • Culpeper’s Rebellion in 1677

13. Colonial Government • Different regions of Carolina were less successful than others • The Outer Banks were known as the “Graveyard of the Atlantic” • Charles Town was much more successful • The Carolinas split in 1712 • By 1715, North Carolina had 11,000 settlers

14. John Lawson • Hired to explore Carolina • Traveled for 2 months with 4 Indians • Explore Native American culture & the regions plants & animals • Sent plant samples back to England

15. John Lawson • Helped found Bath, NC—NC’s first official town • Wrote A New Voyage to Carolina • Helped encourage more people to come to Carolina

16. Conflicts in the Carolinas • Cary’s Rebellion—occurred when people tried to push for the development of the Anglican Church & oppressed the Quakers • The Native Americans also became unhappy—many coastal Indians were dying from disease, war & enslavement. • Populations of Native Americans dropped from 120,000 to 16,000 between 1570 & 1670

17. Conflict in the Carolinas • The 4 Groups in the Middle Region of the Carolinas—the Tuscarora, the Catawba, the Yamassee & the Cherokee—traded with the colonists initially • The Europeans wanted animal skins (especially deerskin), baskets & corn • The Native Americans wanted tools, pots, wool, glass beads & guns

18. Conflicts in the Carolinas • Trade changed Native American life—they focused on being hunters & warriors & used guns • The Native Americans also became dependent on the Europeans • With the dependency, the Native Americans began to resent how they were being treated

19. The Tuscarora Fight Back • The 1611 settling of New Bern angered the Native Americans • The Tuscarora tried to relocate to Pennsylvania but the Quakers would not let them • Lawson was unaware of the tension & went onto Tuscarora land • Lawson was ambushed & murdered

20. The Tuscarora War • The 1711 murder of John Lawson led to a war • The Tuscarora armed themselves & killed 100 settlers • Settlers fled & the Tuscarora destroyed the abandoned towns

21. The Tuscarora War • Charles Town leaders asked the Yamassee & Catawba Indians for help • A war took place for 2 years • The biggest battle was at Fort Neoheroka • The Tuscarora lost & joined their Iroquois cousins in NY

22. The Tuscarora War • Two years later, the Yamassee & Catawba Indians felt as though they were NOT rewarded for their help • The Cherokee joined them in attacking the colonists but they lost • The Catawba stayed in NC but the Yamassee joined the Seminoles in South Florida

23. Settling the Piedmont • Many Piedmont settlers came from Pennsylvania • Immigrants used the Great Wagon road to travel • The Road went from Pennsylvania to Augusta, GA • The Road helped people settle in NC’s back country

24. Settling the Piedmont

25. Settling the Piedmont • In 1729, King George II bought NC from the Lord Proprietors • One proprietor didn’t want the money—he kept HALF of NC • He renamed the property after himself & it became the Granville District

26. Settling the Piedmont • Land in the Piedmont was cheap • Piedmont settlers were Yeoman Farmers • They were self-sufficient & lived off what they grew • The hilly landscape prevented trade

27. Settling the Piedmont • Squire Boone, a Quaker, came from PA & bought 640 acres in what is now Davie County • Daniel Boone & his wife, Rebecca, lived by both Indian & European traditions • Daniel Boone hunted with Indian techniques (tracking & trapping) & wore their style of dress (deerskin & moccasins)

28. Settling the Piedmont • Rebecca was a healer—She used the local plants to make medicine • Rebecca also kept a garden, made soap& clothes, gathered water & cared for the children

29. Immigrants in NC

30. Immigrants in NC • Most were Protestant & escaping the religious feuds in Europe • Many were self-sufficient & also believed in religious & political independence • Each group kept their own culture

31. The Moravians • Came from Eastern Europe—A country called the Czech Republic • Were Pacifists • Came to NC when Bishop August Spangenberg purchased 98,000 acres in what is now Forsyth County • The Moravians named the land “Wachovia” which meant “meadow valley”

32. The Moravians • Their towns were Bethania, Bethabara & Salem (which was created in 1766) • Were farmers & traders • The Church controlled everything & allowed only a few non-Moravians to live on their land • The Church used a “lot” system to decide who got married

33. Slaves in the Carolinas • There were 80,000 slaves in NC by 1755 • Many slaves committed suicide • Slaves helped Carolina farmers learn to grow rice • Native Americans taught Slaves how to fish, hunt & make boats

34. Slaves in the Carolinas • African culture began to develop in the colonies • Africans learned English but kept their ethnic names & accent • African made their houses cooler by adjusting their roofs • They cooked with spices

35. Slaves in the Carolinas • Africans could not run away until they were comfortable with their surroundings • Escaped Africans stayed in the swamps or with the Native Americans

36. Stono Rebellion • Slaves outnumbered colonists in SC • In 1739, a group of slaves gathered by the Stono River near Charleston • They raided a store for supplies & then burned houses • Over 50 people died

37. Stono Rebellion • The plantation owners united & surrounded & shot the slaves • The Rebellion led to more laws protecting slaves—For example: a slave owner could no longer beat a slave to death • Laws were also passed to prevent slaves from gaining independence.

38. The French & Indian War • The Shawnee, Delaware & Huron tribes had to move to the Ohio River Valley because the colonists kept taking their land • They refused to allow the colonists past the Appalachian Mountains • The French also did not want the British to expand their territory since it would interfere with their fishing trade routes

39. The French & Indian War • The French built forts to keep out the British while the Indians planned places to attack • In 1753, the Shawnee crossed into NC & destroyed cabins near the Boone residence

40. The French & Indian War • Benjamin Franklin suggested the “Albany Plan of Union” where each colony elect representatives to meet & discuss a plan • The colonies refused & focused on themselves

41. Battle at Fort Duquesne • British General Braddock attacked the French Fort Duquesne in Pittsburgh • Daniel Boone, George Washington & an NC governor, Arthur Dobbs all went to fight • The French & Indians were waiting for them & killed half the men, including Braddock, quickly

42. The French & Indian War • Cherokee chief Attakullakulla convinced the Cherokee to help the British • Several of the chief’s men ate the cows of the settlers while helping the British • Chief Oconostota went to apologize to the British but the settlers captured him • Attakulla got the Cherokees freed but the Cherokee switched sides

43. The French & Indian War • The British were losing until William Pitt came into office & sent 50,000 men from England • The Cherokee tribes were being destroyed

44. The War Ends in 1763 • The Treaty of Paris ended the war & gave England Florida & all land east of the Mississippi • The Proclamation of 1763 said the colonists could not travel west of the Appalachians & that anyone west of those mountains had to move back East • The Treaty of Augusta said several tribes had to give up some land, but would be left alone on their new territory