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Chapter 3

Chapter 3. Computer Hardware. Learning Objectives. Understand the history and evolution of computer hardware. Identify the major types and uses of microcomputer, midrange, and maiframe computer systems.

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Chapter 3

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  1. Chapter 3 Computer Hardware

  2. Learning Objectives Understand the history and evolution of computer hardware. Identify the major types and uses of microcomputer, midrange, and maiframe computer systems. Outline the major technologies and uses of computer peripherals for input, output, and storage.

  3. Learning Objectives Identify and give examples of the components and functions of a computer system. Identify the computer systems and peripherals you would acquire or recommend for a business of your choice, and explain the reasons for your selections.

  4. Section 1 Computer Systems: End user and Enterprise Computing

  5. I. Introduction All computers are systems of Input, Processing, Storage, Output, and Control Components

  6. VI. Technical Note: The Computer System Concept Understanding the computer as a system is of vital importance The Computer is MORE than a collection of electronic devices: Input – convert data into electronic form for entry into the system Processing – the CPU (Central Processing Unit) consists of the Arithmetic-Logic Unit (ALU – performs the arithmetic and logic functions) and the Control Unit (controls the rest of the computer)

  7. VI. Technical Note: The Computer System Concept

  8. VII. Moore’s Law Moore’s Law 1965 – the number of transistors on a chip will double every 18-24 months; more broadly interpreted – the power or speed of a computer will double every 18-24 months The Price would halve in that same time, which has also proven to be true Recent statistics indicate this time has decreased to 12 months

  9. Section 2 Computer Peripherals: Input, Output, and Storage Technologies

  10. I. Peripherals Peripheral - a generic name for all input, output, and secondary storage devices not part of the CPU but part of the system Online – electronically connected to and controlled by the CPU Offline – separate from and not controlled by the CPU

  11. II. Input technologies Source Document – the original record of the data, very important for auditing purposes; now accepted in both electronic or physical form Graphical User Interface (GUI) – presents icons, buttons, windows, etc. for use with Pointing Devices (as opposed to a text-based interface)

  12. IV. Storage Tradeoffs Tradeoffs are Cost vs. speed vs. capacity, but all regularly increase in speed, cost and capacity Primary Storage (Random Access Memory or RAM) – Semiconductor memory, Volatile; faster but more expensive Secondary Storage – Magnetic Disks, Optical Disks, Magnetic Tape; Non-Volatile; slower but cheaper

  13. IV. Storage Tradeoffs Direct and Sequential Access Direct Access – Random Access Memory (RAM) and Direct Access Storage Devices (DASD) – Direct Access and Random Access are the same concept; locate an address on the storage device and go directly to that location for access to the datum Sequential Access – All tape devices are accessed serially – device must be read one record at a time from the first stored datum until the desired datum is located

  14. V. Semiconductor Memory RAM (Random Access Memory) – volatile, may be read and over-written ROM (Read Only Memory) – non-volatile, may be read but not over-written or erased; PROM and EPROM may be reprogrammed Flash (Jump) Drives – solid-state memory

  15. VII. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) RFID – for tagging and identifying mobile objects (store merchandise, postal objects, sometimes living organisms); provides information to a reader when requested Passive – no power source, derives power from the reader signal Active – self-powered, do not need to be close to the reader RFID Privacy Issues – may be used as spychips; gathers sensitive information about an individual without consent

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